PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Learning Packet
Name:__________________________________ Section:_____________________

Quarter 1 Week 1: MELC 1-3

Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of:
1. the importance of research in daily life;
2. the characteristics, processes and ethics of research
Performance Standard The learner is able to use appropriate kinds of research in
making decisions.
MELC The learner…
1. shares research experiences and knowledge;
2. explains the importance of research in daily life; and
3. describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research.
No. of Days 4 hours
Teaching Dates

Lesson IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY

1 LIVES
INTRODUCTION. Activity 1

Directions. Write 5-6 words that are associated with the word ‘RESEARCH’ . Then, pick 1
to 2 words (from your answers) that you can use to give meaning to the word ‘RESEARCH’.

RESEARCH

Research is
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DEVELOPMENT. Lesson in Focus

I. What is Research?

1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which

includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that
lines an individual‘s speculation with reality.
2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs,
guesses or theories.
3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet
the need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy
and effectiveness.
4. It is a process of inquiring.

II. Nature of Inquiry

1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”.

It is a problem solving technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with
gathering by applying the different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.

III. Investigation and Immersion

Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”.

It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.

Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself

in the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or
examined by him in detail.

Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept of

“research” comes in.

IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research

Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you
inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something
to request for truth, information, or knowledge.

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Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a
system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented),
knowledge creation (a creative process)

V. Purpose of Research

1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.

II. Importance of Research in Daily Life

1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting

further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in
giving results and findings by proving lies and supporting the truth.
2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and
issues in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes, business,
technology and environment.
3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable
information to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for public
awareness.

ENGAGEMENT. Activity 2
Directions: Answer the questions in 1-2 sentences.
1. What is research?
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2. What is inquiry and its nature?
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3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?
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4.How important is research in your daily life activities?
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5. Why is there a need to conduct research?
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ASSIMILATION. Activity 3

Directions. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research?
Share and describe your experiences .What are your challenges and
difficulties?
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2. As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily

life?
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Activity 4.
Directions. Pick the words in the box that are related to the definition of
research.

phenomena experiences theories discovery validate

biases interview investigation intuition dreams
guessing system instrument Literature drama
subjective factual opinions data productivity

Using the chosen words, formulate your own definition of research.

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Lesson Characteristics, Processes, and
2 Ethics of Research
INTRODUCTION. Activity 1

Directions. Arrange the expected research processes according to your own

experience. Write your answers on graphic organizer below:
Write specific questions
Gather, analyze and interpret data
Identify a specific topic / problem
Draw conclusion and recommendation

Activity 2

Directions. Which of the following words are associated with ‘Ethics”? Pick 5
words. Put your answer in the graphic organizer.

Honesty Integrity Carelessness Plagiarism

Respect Legality Confidentiality Consent
Subjectivity Objectivity Carefulness Accuracy
Privacy Creativity Critical Values

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DEVELOPMENT. Lesson in Focus

I. Characteristics of Research

1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the

researcher.

2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

3. Cyclical.Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and

ends with a problem.

4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data,

whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.

5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using

systematic method and procedures.

7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to

enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results

II. The Seven Steps of the Research Process

Step 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem).

 Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem

1. Researcher‘s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator‘s ability and training

Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related
Literature).

Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology).

Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative
research) and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for
quantitative research) (Data Gathering Activities).

Step 5. Process and analyse data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research)
and statistical tools (for quantitative research).

Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.

Step 7. Define new problem.

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III. Ethics in Research

Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct of research which
educates and monitors researchers to ensure high standard. It promotes the aim
of research, such as expanding knowledge and supports the values required for
collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness.

Ethical considerations in conducting research

1. Murphy and Dingwall’s Ethical Theory:

Non – maleficence - researchers should avoid harming the participants.
Beneficence – research on human subjects should produce some positive
and identifiable benefit rather than be simple carried out for its own sake.
Autonomy or self-determination – research participants’ values and
decisions should be respected.
Justice – all people should be treated equally.

2. Based from the above theories, the following offer some brief additional
discussion on ethical considerations in research:
 Integrity of the author – Researchers must act professionally in their search
of truth, committed to discovering and reporting things as honestly as
possible.Researcher should acknowledge the sources of information
gathered by citing the name of the author/s and the reference material where
such ideas were taken.
 Deception or misrepresentation must be avoided. Researchers must not be
influenced by any considerations except for search of the truth.
 Informed consent – participants should voluntary express their it is
essential that participants should have legal capacity to give approval and
permission to become part of the study not because of some favor or promise
but simple because they want to participate.
 Privacy – participant’s personal life and identity should be respected. Make
sure that no one hears what is being asked of from the participant and that
working with them should only be done I the place and in the time that
convenient to them.
 Confidentiality – Participants should be informed that the researcher will
keep their personal information in utmost secrecy.
 Accuracy – Researchers should be very good in recording that information
given and should be well organized in the way of keeping the recorded data
related to the study being conducted.
 Truth – Researchers are bounded to tell only the exact information given by
the participant that is relevant to the research study.

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ENGAGEMENT. Activity 3
Directions. Based on the image provided, what are the characteristics of research?
Note: Clues are provided.

Activity 4
Directions. Show the step by step process of research. Use the simple chart
below:

ASSIMILATION. Activity 5

Directions. Observe how this excerpt addresses ethical standards in research

writing by answering the questions below.

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 Ethical Issues
Informed consent (Appendix 3) will be prepared prior to data gathering.
This form will be shown as the first interphase of the google form prior to
proceeding the actual survey questionnaires. On the initial interphase (see content
on Appendix 3-Informed Consent), they will click “agree” which means that they
voluntarily agree to take part of the study. For the FGD, another consent form
will be issued prior to the FGD proper.

Questions:
1. What is informed consent? How this form addresses ethical standards?
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2. Why is it important to secure informed consent prior to data gathering?
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3. What ethical considerations are provided in the above excerpt?
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Prepared by: Checked: Approved:

APRIL L. MACAM KATLYN F. PASCUA RONALD A. PEREÑA

PR2 Teacher Subject Group Head Principal II

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