What is mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis – Cell division Meiosis – cell division that

that results in identical results in cells that have
cells, used for growth half the normal
chromosome
and repair of number(haploid gametes),
organisms. it is also called reduction
division, specific to create
sex cells.
Cell Cycle : Growth Stage/Interphase
• Growth stage also called interphase is where the
cell carries out its regular metabolic function
and prepares for its next division
• Interphase is divided into three phases : G1
phase, S phase and G2 phase.
•By the end of interphase, the cell is ready to
begins the process of nuclear division: mitosis.
Three phases in Interphase

•G1 phase (Growth 1) –The cell goes

through rapid growth and metabolic
activities.
•S phase (Synthesis) –The middle stage
of interphase where the cell’s DNA is
copied exactly. Which means that the
chromatin replicates to create a
second identical set of DNA. After the
replication, the two identical
chromosomes – sister chromatids – are
joined at the centromere
• G2 phase (Growth 2) – During the
replication in S phase, the cell consumed a
large amount of energy, therefore this
stage allow the cell to regenerate energy
for division. As well, the cell manufactures
proteins and other molecules to make
structures required for division of the
nucleus and cell.
Diagrams
Cell division : Mitosis
- Four phases in the process of mitosis -
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and
Telophase
- After the cell has been through all the
phases, it enter cytokinesis - the division
of the cytoplasm and the organelles into
two separate cells.
Mitosis : Prophase
•Prophase -During this phase, the
chromatin condenses into tightly
pack chromosomes while the
nuclear membrane breaks down,
releasing chromosomes into the
cytoplasm.
• As the nucleolus disappears, pair of
cylindrical organelles called centrioles
move their way to the opposite poles
of the cell
• During the separation of the
centrioles, a network fibers called the
spindle apparatus forms between them
Mitosis : Prophase
•Prophase -During this phase, the
chromatin condenses into tightly
pack chromosomes while the
nuclear membrane breaks down,
releasing chromosomes into the
cytoplasm.
Prophase : Diagram
•Spindle fibre is made of
microtubules - hollow tubes of
protein that facilitate movement of
chromosomes within a cell
Mitosis : Prophase
•Prophase -During this phase, the
chromatin condenses into tightly
pack chromosomes while the
nuclear membrane breaks down,
releasing chromosomes into the
cytoplasm.
Mitosis : Prophase
•Prophase -During this phase, the
chromatin condenses into tightly
pack chromosomes while the
nuclear membrane breaks down,
releasing chromosomes into the
cytoplasm.