QUIZ

Part I. Enumerate the following:

1-2.The two expeditions that sucessfully returned
3-4. Two of the six Catholic Orders who came to the Phils.
5-6. Two invasions that happened during Spanish era
Part II. Describe the following.Choose only 3.
7.Head of the Municipal - Gobernadorcillo
8.The Spanish name for uncontrolled provinces of Spain in the Philippine-
Corregimentos
9. Supreme Court
10. Describe Bandala Syatem
Part 1.Identify( 2 Points)
1.He Discarded The Liberal Measures By Restoring The “Old Order” Of The Philippines.
2.A Group Of Spanish Priests That Belongs To A Religious Order Who Did Not Accept
Filipino Priests.
3.It Made The Philippines Closer To The World Trade, Communications, And Travel. 
The Canal Is 103 Miles Long, And Connects The Red Sea And Mediterranean Sea.
4. Who was the Leader who led 200 Filipino Soldiers And Dock Workers Of Cavite, And
Killed Their Spanish Officers..
5. They Were Accused Of Treason To Spain And Tried In An Unfair Trial. They Were
Sentenced To Death By Garrote.
• Part 2 Essay. Choose One For The Essay. (5 Points) 

2.In Application To Our Time, What Lessons From This Part Of Our History
May Be Applied To Our Nation’s Condition Today?
Topic:
The Start Of Filipino Arm
Struggle.
 Sub-Topic:
 Founding of Katipunan
 Mission of Katipunan
 Initiation of Members
 Structure of the Katipunan
 Leaders of Katipunan
 Women Members of the Katipunan
 The internal struggle of katipunan
 The Tejeros convention conflict
 Arrest of the supremo
 Trials of andres and procopio
bonifacio
 Founding of Katipunan

On July 7, 1892, upon learning that Dr. Jose P. Rizal

was to be deported and that his works were to be
banned in the country, a secret council was
convened in No.72 Azcarraga Street.Andres
Bonifacio, Deodato Arrellno,Valentin Diaz, Teodoro
Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Jose Dizon, and few others,
all members of La Liga Filipina , a progressive
organization founded by Rizal.
.
 Founding Of Katipunan.

The men assembled and came to the agreement

that a revolutionary secret society must be founded ,a
and thus the Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga anak ng Bayan was born

The Mission of the Katipunan, as the brotherhood

was popularly known, were threefold: Political, moral,
and civic. They advocated for freedom from the yoke of
Spain, to be achieved through armed struggle. They
also saw it as their personal responsibility to help the
poor and the oppressed, and to teach them good
manners, hygiene, and morality.
 Initiation of
New recruits to Members.
the secret society underwent a rigorous process, similar to
Masonic practices. A neophyte, dressed in the black and accompanied by his
sponsor, was brought to small room decorated with patriotic posters.

In front of a cabinet draped in black, he was then seated at a dimly-lit table,

on which rested a bolo, a revolver and a set of questions which he must answer
to the satisfaction of the members assembled:
What was the condition of the Philippines in the early times?
What is the condition today?
What will be condition in the future?
 Structure of the Katipunan.
Through the organizational structure of the Katipunan was constantly
in flux, it is generally believed that they formed small branches,
governed by the sangguniang balangay, and these small branches
would form larger provincial councils, governed by the sangguniang
bayan. All these would be overseen by the Supreme Council of the
Katipunan (Kataastasang Sanggunian), which was composed of a
president (pangulo),
secretary (kalihim),
fiscal (tagausig),
treasurer (tagaingat yaman),
and six councilors (kasanguni).
 Leaders of Katipunan:
In 1892, after the Katipunan was founded, the members of the First Supreme Council were:
1. Deodato Arellano - President
2. Andres Bonifacio - Comptroller
3. Ladislao Diwa - Fiscal
4. Teodoro Plata - Secretary
5. Valentine Diaz - Treasurer

Unsatisfied with Arellano’s performance as Supremo, Bonifacio later had him deposed, and
supported the election of Roman Basa as Supremo on February 1, 1893
The second Supreme Council consisted of:
1. Ramon Basa - President
2. Andres Bonifacio - Fiscal
3. Jose Santiago - Secretary
4. Vicente Molina - Treasurer
5. Restituto Javier - Counsilors
6. Briccio Pantas - -
7. Teodoro Gonzales - -
8. Teodoro Plata - -
9. Ladislao Diwa - -
 Women Members of the Katipunan (La Semilla)
It was during Basa’s term that the Katipunan organized a wome’s auxiliary section
called La Semilla. As early as 1892, women already had their role in the secret society
as a Katipuneras. One of their missions was to create a diversion to mislead the
guardia civil roving and those passers-by within the area where the meeting of
Katipunan was on going. Here were some of their members.

1. Josefa Mercado-Rizal - (President)

2. Gregoria De Jesus - (Lakambini)
3. Melchora Aquino - (Katipunan First Aider)
4. Gregoria Montoya y Patricio - (Led 30 Katipuneros)
5. Agueda Kahabagan - Led a Katipunan Group
6. Teresa Magbanua - Known as “Joan of Arc” of Visayas
7. Rosario Lopez - Supporting Katipuneros by Finance and
goods
 PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF CAVITE

In 1893, Basa and Diwa organized the provincial council of Cavite, which later became the most
successful council of the society.
On January 5, 1894, the leadership if Katipunan Changed for the third time, the officers were the
following:

1. Andres Bonifacio - Supremo

2. Jose Santiago - Secretary
3. Emilio Jacinto - Fiscal
4. Vicente - Treasurer

Another re-organization in 1896 led to Jacinto becoming Secretary, and Pio Valenzuela becoming Fiscal.
List Of Other Notable Katipunan:
Emilo Aguinaldo Licerio Geronimo Miguel Malvar Mariano Llaner
Melchora Aquino Marcelo H. Del Pilar Antonio Luna Emilio Jacinto
Gregorio Del Pilar Macario Sakay Vicente Lukban
 Factions in Katipunan

In the development of the revolution against Spain, Katipunan in Cavite established

two factions, the Magdiwang faction led by Gen. Mariano Alvarez and the Magdalo
Faction led by Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo, cousin of General Emilio Aguinaldo fighting a
common enemy but not helping each other in fighting the war against the Spaniards.

The Supremo Andres Bonifacio was invited to visit Cavite to personally settle the
dispute between the Magdiwang and the Magdalo.

Some historians said that the root of misunderstanding of the two factions was their
pride. Most of the members of the Magdalo were elite (with professions in the society)
while the Magdiwang members were more of ordinary persons in the community (farmers,
carpenters, fishermen) plus the different political views of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio
Aguinaldo.
 The CONVENTION IN TEJEROS
After settling the problems of the two factions, members of Magdalo tried to show
a proposal to the Supremo to formalize their group from Katipunan to a formation of a
Revolutionary Government that can symbolize Philippine Independence over the
Colonial Spain.

Andres Bonifacio liked and approved the proposal and as the Supremo he ordered
the immediate execution of the said plan. At a convention in Tejeros, Cavite, members
of Magdalo and Magdiwang assembled to form a revolutionary government. Before
the election started they all agreed that whatever will be the result of the Convention
everybody needs to accept and respect the outcome of it.

There, Bonifacio lost his bid for the presidency to Emilio Aguinaldo and the Vice-
President to Artemio Ricarte of the revolutionary government and instead he was
elected Secretary of the Interior.
 DISGUST IN the TEJEROS CONVENTION

A certain Daniel Tirona members of the Magdalo faction, stood and

questioned the qualifications of Andres Bonifacio as uneducated and unfit
for the position and Tirona was recommending somebody from the Magdalo
to replace Andres Bonifacio

Upon hearing the motion of Tirona, Andres Bonifacio reiterated their

agreement before the conducted the said convention to “accept and respect
the result”. Because of a tremendous anger to Daniel Tirona, by claiming
that he was still the Supremo of the Katipunan, He declared the results of
the convention as null and void and with his followers. They walked out
from the Tejeros Convention.
 DISGUST IN the TEJEROS CONVENTION

The election by means of secret ballots amazingly resulted the following:

President - Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice President - Mariano Trias
Captain-General - Artemio Ricarte
Director War - Emiliano Riego de Dios
Director if interior - Andres Bonifacio
 
Without the knowledge of the Supremo, the Magdalo didn’t acknowledge
the declaration of Andres Bonifacio and instead Baldomero and Emilio’s
brother Crispin Aguinaldo fetch him in the Battle Field in Pasong Santol to
inform General Emilio Aguinaldo about his Presidency. They asked him to
go to Tejeros for his immediate Oath of Office as the formal President of the
new Philippine Revolutionary government.
 The Tejeros Convention Conflict

Bonifacio’s decision to come to Cavite to mediate the conflicts of the two faction of
Katipunan was the beginning of his downfall.Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo
respected and valued each other. It was the Supremo who admitted Aguinaldo into the
Katipunan.

In the memoir written by Emilio with Aguinaldo wrote, That was the beginning of my
acquaintance and friendship with Andres Bonifacio. He recalled when he was informed of
what happened to Andres Bonifacio in the battle of Pinaglaban. Aguinaldo became so worried
and immediately he sent his men to took for the Supremo in the forest of Malabon and
Kalookan and rescue them. But the friendship turned to become sour on the later part between
the two leaders.

The Supremo Andres Bonifacio and his Katipuneros suffered many defeats at the hands of the
Spaniards in manila. While Emilio Aguinaldo managed to win a war against their common
enemy in most areas of Cavite province.
Possible factors why Andres Bonifacio and his group lost most of their battle in Manila
1. They do not have the experience to engage the war.
2. They do not have enough guns and ammunitions to fight
3. They were fighting near at the center of power of their enemy which was in Intramuros,
Manila

Possible factors why Emilio Aguinaldo and his group won most of their war in Cavite:
4. Most of the members of Aguinaldos group war educated elites, they can contribute a
good political and war strategy
5. Forces of the enemy were few compared to those in manila
6. Cavite was far from the center of power of their enemy for reinforcement of men and
ammunition

In those days and even today, the feeling of regionalism between the two leaders from
Tondo , manila and from Kawit, Cavite was very strong. Aside from having contradicting
political views.in other words, at this point in our history there were two leaders with two
different views on how to run the government.
 ARREST OF THE SUPREMO
From the disagreement of Supremo Andres Bonifacio to the
result of the Tejeros convention.
The relationship of the two leaders started to break up, General
Emilio Aguinaldo
took his oath office as the president of the first revolutionary
government. Because Andres Bonifacio didn’t like to acknowledge
the said government of president Emilio Aguinaldo and he
continued to act as the Supremo of the Katipunan.
Without the knowledge of Andres Bonifacio, come Cavite
Katipuneros like Daniel Tirona, Severino de las and Col. Jose
Coronelspread rumors about the Supremo. They also filed a formal
complaint to president Aguinaldo. The charges were as follows:
1. That Andres Bonifacio was contracted and paid by friars to
organize an and Spanish called Katipunan.

2. Andres Bonifacio directly ordered his men to burn churches

and convents under Spanish Pueblos.

3. Andres Bonifacio forcely stole the carabaos and cows of those

people who do not like to help them for their food.

4. Andres Bonifacio misspent most of the funds of the Katipunan.

5. Andres Bonifacio planned to surrender the Katipunan to the

Spaniards.
 When President Aguinaldo received the charges against Andres Bonifacio,
he immediately sent his men through Colonel Agapito Bonson and Jose
Ignacio Paua and their men to arrest Supremo in Limbon, Indang. On their
arrival at the said place unexpectedly they’ve seen the Supremo face to face
and had a conversation on where they will go and the Supremo himself replied
that they will go to silang for a group reconnaissance, and they parted ways.

But the following morning colonel Bonson and Paua went back to the place of
the Supremo and surprisingly they started to fire their guns aimed to the
Supremo’s troops who were on duty and from there Ciriaco Bonifacio was
killed (elders brother of Andres). After they attacked other Bonifacio’s men on
that place and disarmed all of them.
When Andres Bonifacio and his other brother Procopiotogether with their remaining
forces heard the gun shots, they immediately approach the place but a heavy gun fires
bounced to them. Colonel Bonson fired a shot to Andres Bonifacio using his revolver
and wounded the Supremo into his upper left arm. And Paua who was also there and
seen that Andres was already wounded, with the knife in his hand he attacked and
stabbed the Supremo that went into his neck. When Paua will have another strike to
Andres to finally kill him, a certain Alejandro Santiago quickly tossed himself to Paua
and wrestled him while shouting to Paua “Kill me!, not Him”. That moment saved
Andres Bonifacio. Because of Andres Bonifacio’s gunshot and stab wounds, he got
weak to stand and walk; they put him into a hammock, with his brother Procopio and
their men they were arrested and held prisoners, On April 29,1897, all of them
brought to military tribunal in Naik.
 Trails of Andres and Procopio
Bonifacio.
After the arrest President Emilio Aguinaldo forwarded the case to his Military Tribunal
(The Council of War) to investigate the charges against the Bonifacio brothers (Andres and
Procopio)
The Following were the members of the Council of War to Conduct the investigation:
Colonel Pedro - The Judge Advocate
Jose Elises - Fiscal
Placido Martinez - Appointed Lawyer for Andres Bonifacio
Teodoro Gonzales - Appointed Lawyer for Procopio Bonifacio
 
Members of the Council of War who conducted the trail:
General Mariano Noriel - Presiding Judge
Crisostomo Riel - Member
Gen. Tomas Mas cardo - Member
Placido Martinez - Member (Andres Bonifacio Lawyer)
Mariano Riego de Dios - Member
Esteban Ynfante - Member
Sulficio Antony - Member
 Spite of the fact the evidence was not sufficient to prove the alleged
accusations and guilt of the two Bonifacio brothers, their verdict was guilty of
treason and sedition.
On May 8,1897,Baldomero Aguinaldo to recommend the approval of the
decision made by the tribunal which was execution for the Bonifacio brothers.
But according to some historian, President Aguinaldo still considered his
previous friendship and admirations to Andres to he commuted the death
sentence to exile, that information reached the attention of General Mariano
Noriel and Pio Del Pilar, and instantly they went directly to president Aguinaldo
and asked him to withdraw his order of exile.
Their Letter of President Aguinaldo

‘’Kung ibig po ninyong magpatuloy ang kapanatagan ng pamahalang

mapanghimagsik, at kung ibig ninyong mabuhay pa tayo, ay inyo pong bawiin
ang iginawad na indukto sa magkapatid na iyan,”
The convinced the President that Andres bonifacio was a living threat
and can be the cause of disunity of the forces of the Revolutionary
government.The prayer of the two generals to President Aguinaldo
were immendiately supported bt clemente Jose Zuluete,Dr.Anastacio
Francisco and General Mamerto Nativitad(The persons whom also
hated the Supremo.)
President Aguinaldo’s reply:

“Dahil dito’y aking binawi at inutos ko kay Heneral Noriel na

ipatupad ang kahatulan ng Consejo de Guerra, na barilin ang
magkapatid ,alang-alang sa kapanatagan ng bayan.”

In his letter bearing his signature, Aguinaldo said that while he

initially commuted the brother’s death sentence to banisment,he was
prevailed upon by his generals Mariano Noriel and Pio del Pilar who
were part of his Council of War to carry out the execution for the
country’s sake aside from the names mentioned, more personalities
also inspired Emilio Aguinaldo to render the execution of the two
bonifacio brothers ;they were Feliciano Jocson, Antonio Montenegro,
Teodoro Gonzales, Severino De las Alas, Baldomero Aguinaldo and
Mariano Trias.
 Aside from the names mentioned, more personalities also inspired Emilio
Aguinaldo to render the execution of the two bonifacio brothers ;they were Feliciano
Jocson, Antonio Montenegro, Teodoro Gonzales, Severino De las Alas, Baldomero
Aguinaldo and Mariano Trias.
The originals decision of the council of war remained. According to some
historians “It was the system of the elites or “elites democracy” that executed the
Supremo Andres Bonifacio.
Many people said we cannot directly blame Emilio Aguinaldo for his decision,
because he was also a victim of circumstance, Emilio Aguinaldo was only 28 the time
he rendered the decision still young to become a President of a country, his only
related experiences were Cabeza de Barangay of Binakayan, Gobernadorcillo and
Capitan Munnicipal of Cavite El Viejo. The president advisers were traditionally and
aged politicians.
The Execution of the Two Brother’s
On may 10,1897,the Supremo Andres Bonifacio and his brother
Procopio Bonifacio were executed by a firing squad on Mount
Nagpatong. Some accounts say that Andres was hacked to death I his
Hammock and Procopio was the one who was shot. Andres was just
34years old.
Thank you.