IDENTIFYING

THE PROBLEMS
& ASKING THE
QUESTIONS
LEONILO B.CAPULSO
MRS, MAEd, SMRIEdr, PhD –og
MT 1 ( SAN MATIAS NHS- SHS)
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 SESSION OBJECTIVES
1.Discuss the development of Research
idea;
2.Differentiate research topic from
research problem and research
questions;
3.Explain how to identify a research
problem
4.Discuss the process of asking research
questions
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21 Century Competencies
st

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TEACHING PRACTICAL RESEARCH
SUBJECTS

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• SDO STRATEGIC
DIRECTION ON RESEARCH
& INNOVATION

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•WHAT IS
THE GAP?
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GAP???

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NEMO DAT QUOD NON HABET!
The Lived Experiences of Senior High School
Teachers Teaching Practical Research Subjects
(Capulso, 2019)

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RESEARCH TOPICS, PROBLEMS, PURPOSE,
AND QUESTIONS
• Molly Ott, PhD
• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-BURJ1Cmxs
• Jun 2, 2016

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FLOWCHART OF THE DEV’T OF A RESEARCH
IDEA (Creswell J., 2003)

RESEARCH TOPIC

RESEARCH PROBLEM

RESEARCH PURPOSE

RESEARCH QUESTION

HYPOTHESIS (OPTIONAL)

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FLOWCHART OF THE DEV’T OF A
RESEARCH IDEA
(Creswell J., 2003)

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RESEARCH TOPIC
• The broad subject matter area to be
investigated
–The main idea of the research
study ( Wa-Mbaleka, 2018)

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REVIEW: How to find a TOPIC to study?
( Ott, 2016)
1. Educational Theories that can be
validated or expanded
2. Literature describing the next step
3. Replication on which you can expand
or alter the direction of the initial
researcher
4. Personal experience

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 For TEACHERS: ( Wa-Mbaleka, 2019)

1. Choice the Research Agenda

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 For TEACHERS: ( Wa-Mbaleka, 2019)

2. Choose the specific sub-theme of

the research agenda area that you
choice

Source:
Reformulated Regional Research Agenda V.2
DepEd Order No. 39, s. 2016

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Teaching and Learning Topics:
 Student Achievement  Gifted education
 Competencies  ICT Applications
 Values  School-Home Linkage
 Behaviors  School Community
 Career Networking
Paths/Tracks/Goals  MTB-MTLE
 Personality Traits  Flexible Learning Options
 Affective/Psychological  Spiral Progression
Traits  Assessment
 Self-efficacy  Materials and resources
 Special education  Inclusive education
CHILD PROTECTION.
• Prevalence
• Child Protection
• Teenage Pregnancy
• Bullying
• Drugs
• Child Labor
• Gambling
Human Resource Development Topics
• Teaching and Non-Teaching
Qualifications and Hiring
• Career Development
• Employees 'Welfare
• Gender and Development
Governance Topics
• Planning
• Finance
• Program Management
• Transparency & Accountability
• Evaluation
• Customers' Satisfaction
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
• 3. Within the sub-theme, consider the
following:
a) Manageable & doable ( time, resources,
skills & finances)
b) Relevant t your
classroom/school/district/division
c) Interesting to others in your field
RESEARCH PROBLEM
• The educational issue or
problem within a broad topic

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RESEARCH PROBLEM
• What is the specific issue you want
to study and why does it need
attention?
Problem that will be studied
quantitatively (QNR): emphasize the
need to explain, predict or statistically
describe an event/outcome.
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RESEARCH PROBLEM
Problem that will be studied
qualitatively (QLR): emphasize
the need to understand a
group, process, event or
phenomenon.

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HINT:
• Use clear, nontechnical language and
jargon
• Stimulate readers interest ( anecdotes,
statistics)
• Limit in scope to a manageable problem
• Substantiate your claims ( cite where you
got the data)

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GAP ANALYSIS
(Bondoc, et.al 2014)

WHAT
WHAT IS WHAT IS
SHOULD
ACTUAL? THE GAP?
BE?

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WHAT SHOULD WHAT IS WHAT IS THE
BE? ACTUAL? GAP?
All Master Only 2 out of 7 Five Master
Teachers in Master Teachers Teacher in the
Secondary level in the secondary secondary level
must conduct level conducted do not conduct
action research their action action research
at least once a research last at least once a
year? year. year.

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RESEARCH PROBLEM
• A research problem is a definite or clear expression
[statement] about an area of concern, a condition to be
improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling
question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or
within existing practice that points to a need for meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation.
• A research problem does not state how to do something,
offer a vague or broad proposition, or present a value
question.

• – Alan Byrman[1]

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RESEARCH PROBLEM
• A research problem does not state how to do
something, offer a vague or broad proposition,
or present a value question.

Alan Byrman (2007)

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PROBLEM STATEMENT
( Wa-Mbaleka, 2019)
• aka Research Problem
• 1-3 paragraphs
• State the big umbrella of your research
• State some facts of what has been reported
( published research and books)
• Helps you make a strong case for your
research study
• 1-3 core sentences the specify the problem
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
( Wa-Mbaleka, 2019)
• 1st statement – introduces the background of
the problem
• 2nd statement, introduces the major problem
• 3rd statement – introduces the specific
problem, the main focus of the study

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 Research Questions
(Wa-Mbaleka, 2019)
• Helps delimit the focus of the research study
• Ex.
 They are stated in the third person
 They should cover the whole research study
 They should be at least 3-5 in a study
 Must be well aligned with the topic
 Each of them must have a clear aspect of the
research problem or research topic

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 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
(Wa-Mbaleka, 2019)
 Focus “why”, “how” an “what” questions
 None of them should be about the profile of
respondents unless the problem is the profile
itself.
 At least one of the questions should propose
solutions to the problem

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 Topic: Dealing with cheating in the 21st
Century
• Research Question: Action Research
How does cheating takes place at the selected
school?
What are the major causes of cheating
What are the effects of cheating
How can cheating be prevented?

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 Topic: Dealing with cheating in the 21st
Century
• Research Question: Basic Research
• What are the causes of cheating in the selected
city?
• What is the effect of cheating on academic
performance?
• What strategies are effective in preventing
cheating?
• What strategies are effective in curving cheating?

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