AIR AND WATER

PRESENTED BY
M.SAI NIKHITH
VOWEL – 5th ZX2
 ATMOSPHERE

 The blanket of air that surrounds the earth is called

atmosphere
 LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE
1. Troposphere : It is nearest to the earth’s surface, it
extends up to 15 km above the surface of the earth
2. Stratosphere : It lies
above the troposphere,
it extends up to 50 km
above the surface of the earth
 ATMOSPHERE
3. Mesosphere : It lies above the stratosphere, it
extends up to 85-90 km above the surface of the
earth
4. Thermosphere : It lies above the mesosphere, it
extends to about 500-600 km above the surface of the
earth
5. Exosphere : It lies above the
thermosphere and fades into space
 IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

 The atmosphere contains OXYGEN, which all living

things need to breathe
 It also contains CO2, which is used by plants to
make food for the living world
 Atmosphere absorbs heat from sunlight, and
prevents the earth from getting overheated
 Atmosphere contains a layer of a gas called OZONE
 Sun gives ULTRAVIOLET RAYS,
and OZONE layer absorbs
these rays and protect
all living things on the earth
 WHAT DOES AIR CONTAIN
 Air is mixture of gases
 Air contains NITROGEN – 78%
 OXYGEN – 21%
 ARGON and CO2 – 1%
 It also contains water vapour, dust, smoke
 The amount of water vapour in air is called
HUMIDITY
 PROPERTIES OF AIR
 Air occupies space
 Air is everywhere, but we can not see it, we
feel air when the wind blows or fan is on
 Air has Weight
 Air exerts pressure
 Air is needed for Burning
 Dust, smoke and harmful gases make the air
dirty or polluted
 WATER
 Three quarters of the earth is covered by water ?
 Water is found everywhere – in the oceans,
lakes, rivers, under the ground and in the sky as
water vapour
 Every living thing on the earth depends on water
 Water is essential for functioning of the body
 Our blood is mostly water and it
carries oxygen and food
to all parts of our body
 WATER DISSOLVES MANY THINGS
 Water dissolves many substances.
 These substances are said to be SOLUBLE in water
 The substances that do not dissolve in water is said
to be INSOLUBLE in water
 IMPURITIES IN WATER
 Water which has
harmful impurities and
disease causing germs
must be cleaned before
drinking
 REMOVING INSOLUBLE IMPURTIES
 Insoluble impurities in water can be removed by the
following two methods
 SEDIMENTATION : The process of removing heavier
insoluble impurities from water
 DECANTATION : The process of separating lighter,
clearer water and sediment is left behind
 FILTRATION : The process of separating the solids
from liquids or gases by using a filter medium
 REMOVING SOLUBLE IMPURTIES
 Soluble impurities in water can be removed by the
following three methods
 EVAPORATION : The process of a substance in a
liquid state changing to a gaseous state with
increase in temperature
 CONDENSATION : The process of a substance in a
gaseous state changing in to a liquid state
 DISTILLATION : The process of
purifying a liquid by successive
evaporation and condensation
methods
 DRINKING WATER
 At home, water can be boiled for 15 minutes to kill
the germs and then filtered
 Several types of water PURIFIERS are available in the
market for home use
 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT can kill the germs as well
 SCREEENING : water is taken from lakes and rivers
and passed through screens that remove large
impurities like stones and leaves
 CHLORINATION :
chlorine is added in small
quantities to kill the germs
before drinking
 CONCLUSION
So, Friends,

With this demo, now we came to know about AIR

and WATER with lots of examples and pictures.
THANK YOU