Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
IMPLANT LOADING
METHODS
Invasive/Destructive Methods
Noninvasive/Nondestructive
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
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IMPLANT LOADING
Conventional loading of dental implants is defined as
being greater than 2 months subsequent to implant
placement.
Early
loading of dental implants is defined as being
between 1 week and 2 months subsequent to implant
placement.
Invasive/Destructive
Methods
Noninvasive/Nondestructive
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INVASIVE/DESTRUCTIVE
METHODS
Following methods were included:
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TENSIONAL TEST
Earlier measured by detaching the implant plate from the supporting
bone (Kitsugi, et al. 1996).
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PUSH-OUT/PULL-OUT TEST
Investigates the healing capabilities at the bone implant interface
(Brunski, et al. 2000).
It measures interfacial shear strength by applying load parallel to
implant-bone interface.
It is assessed during the healing period of implant.
Applicable to only non-threaded implants.
Technique sensitive.
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REMOVAL TORQUE ANALYSIS
Implant is considered stable if the reverse or unscrewing torque
was greater than 20Ncm (Sullivan et al. 1996)
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NONINVASIVE/NONDESTRUCTIVE
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CUTTING TORQUE RESISTANCE ANALYSIS
Developed by Johansson and Strid, improved by Friberg.
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INSERTION TORQUE MEASUREMENT
An increase in insertion torque greater than 30Ncm may signify an
increase in primary stability.
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REVERSE TORQUE TEST
Reverse torque test was proposed by Roberts et al. and developed by
Johansson and Alberktsson.
Implant that rotate when reverse torque is applied indicates that bone-
implant contact is destroyed.
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SEATING TORQUE TEST
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MODAL ANALYSIS
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PULSED OSCILLATION WAVEFORM
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PERIOTEST
Devised by Dr. Schulte Teerlinck et al.
It is used to evaluate damping effect and stiffness of implant.
An electronically driven and monitored rod is kept at
approximately 20 degrees and distance of 0.6-0.2mm (I to et al
2008, Schulte 1988).
Periotest value range from -8 (low mobility) to +50 (high mobility)
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RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
Suggested by Meredith in 1998.
A transducer with 2 piezoceramic elements is tightened to implant or
abutment screw.
The transducer is screwed directly to the implant body and shakes the
implant at a constant input and amplitude,starting at a low frequency
and increasing in pitch until the implant resonates.
High frequency resonance indicates stronger bone-implant interface.
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ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY
RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
(OSSTELL™)
First commercially available product The electronic technology
combines the transducer, computerized analysis and the excitation
source into one machine closely resembling the model used by
Meredith.
Implant stability quotient (ISQ) is the measurement unit (ISQ of O to
100) used.
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MAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY
RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
(OSSTELL™ MENTOR)
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CONCLUSION
Till date no definite method has been establish to measure implant
stability accurately with fair amount of reliability.