‫غالم اسحق خان انسٹیٹیوٹ براے انجیئر نگ‬ Lecture # 10

‫سائنسزوٹیکنالوجی‬
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of
Engineering Science and Technology

Fluid Mechanics-I (ME321)

By
M.Mohib Ur Rehman
MSc. Energy and Power Engineering
BSc. Mechanical Engineering
Email: mohib@giki.edu.pk

‫فیکلٹی براے میکینکل انجینئرنگ‬

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Example 2.6 The 4-m-diameter circular gate is located in the inclined wall of a large
reservoir containing water ( = 9.8 kN/m3). The gate is mounted on a shaft along its
horizontal diameter. For a water depth of 10 m above the shaft determine: (a) the
magnitude and location of the resultant force exerted on the gate by the water, and (b)
the moment that would have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate
Example 2.6 The 4-m-diameter circular gate is located in the inclined wall of a large
reservoir containing water ( = 9.8 kN/m3). The gate is mounted on a shaft along its
horizontal diameter. For a water depth of 10 m above the shaft determine: (a) the
magnitude and location of the resultant force exerted on the gate by the water, and (b)
the moment that would have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate

Solution
(a) Magnitude of the force
FR   hc A  1.23 MN
Location

I xyc
xR   xc  0
yc A

since area is symmetrical, and

center of pressure must lie along
diameter A-A
Example 2.6 The 4-m-diameter circular gate is located in the inclined wall of a large
reservoir containing water ( = 9.8 kN/m3). The gate is mounted on a shaft along its
horizontal diameter. For a water depth of 10 m above the shaft determine: (a) the
magnitude and location of the resultant force exerted on the gate by the water, and (b)
the moment that would have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate

Solution
Moment of inertia

 R4
I xc 
4

and
I xc
yR   yc  11.6 m
yc A

distance below the shaft to the

center of pressure

yR  yc  0.0866 m
 Example 2.6 The 4-m-diameter circular gate is located in the inclined wall of a large
reservoir containing water ( = 9.8 kN/m3). The gate is mounted on a shaft along its
horizontal diameter. For a water depth of 10 m above the shaft determine: (a) the
magnitude and location of the resultant force exerted on the gate by the water, and (b)
the moment that would have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate

Solution
(b) Moment

M c 0

M  FR  yR  yc   1.07  105 N  m
Example 2.9 The 1.8-diameter drainage conduit is half full of water at rest. Determine
the magnitude and line of action of the resultant force that the water exerts on a 0.3m
length of the curved section BC of the conduit wall.

0.9m
Solution Develop free-body diagram and determine forces

0.9m
Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability
 Archimedes’ Principle
A body immersed in a fluid experiences a vertical buoyant force equal to the weight of
the fluid it displaces
 Archimedes’ Principle
Magnitude of buoyant force
 Archimedes’ Principle
Magnitude of buoyant force

FB   V
 Archimedes’ Principle
Buoyant force passes through the centroid of the displaced volume. The point through
which the buoyant force acts is called the center of buoyancy
 Archimedes’ Principle
Buoyant force passes through the centroid of the displaced volume. The point through
which the buoyant force acts is called the center of buoyancy

Summing moments of forces with

respect to axis passing through D
FB yc  F2 y1  F1 y1  Wy2

on substitution for forces:

Vyc  VT y1   VT  V  y2

If a body is immersed in a
fluid in which  varies
with depth, such as in a
layered fluid, the buoyant
force passes through the
center of gravity of the
displaced volume
 Stability
Submerged or floating bodies can be either in a stable or unstable position.
Stable equilibrium – when displaced body returns to its equilibrium position
Unstable equilibrium – when displaced body moves to a new equilibrium position
 Stability of Completely Immersed Bodies
For a completely submerged body with a center of gravity below the center of
buoyancy rotation from equilibrium position will create a restoring couple.
If center of gravity is above the center of buoyancy, resulting couple will cause the
body to overturn and move the a new equilibrium position

Stability of a completely immersed body

 Stability of Floating Bodies
When floating body rotates the location of the center of buoyancy may change

Stability of a floating body- stable configuration

 Stability of Floating Bodies
When floating body rotates the location of the center of buoyancy may change

Stability of a floating body- unstable configuration

 End of Lecture

People in the same boat help

each other to cross to the
other bank….