Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group 4 - Education and Business Culture
Group 4 - Education and Business Culture
Group 4 - Education and Business Culture
Manners before
knowledge.
In some countries such as the
United States and the
Philippines, students who do
not perform well at school are
held back a grade to further
improve their skills.
Luckily for the Japanese, they
always advance to the next
grade regardless of their test
scores and performances. A
student may fail every test and
skip classes, but is still able to
join the graduation ceremony
at the end of the year. Their
test scores only matter when
they take entrance
Sana All.
examinations to get to high
school and university.
CULTURE AND THE WORKPLACE
How does a society’s culture affects the values found in the workplace?
8
Geert Hofstede
Psychologist at IBM
He collected data on Fi
Four Dimensions of
employee attitudes ve
Different Cultures
and values for more
than 100,000 1. Power Distance
individuals from 2. Uncertainty Avoidance
1967 – 1973. These
3. Uncertainty Avoidance
data enabled him to
compare dimensions 4. Masculinity vs Feminity
of culture across 40 5. Confucian Dynamism
countries.
9
FIVE DIMENSIONS OF DIFFERENT CULTURES
Power Extent to which a society allows inequalities of
Distance physical and intellectual capabilities between people
to grow into inequalities of power and wealth.
Confucian Extent to which a society adheres to
Dynamism Confucian values about time, persistence,
protection of face, respect for tradition, and
reciprocation of gifts.
Uncertainty Extent to which a society teaches individuals either to
Avoidance prize personal achievement or to conversely look
after the interests of their collective first and
foremost.
Masculinity vs Extent to which a society differentiates and
Feminity emphasizes traditional gender and work roles, a
masculine characterization means there is more
differentiation, whereas a feminine level means
Individualism vs there is less.
Extent to which cultures socialize members to
collectivism accept ambiguous situations and to tolerate
uncertainty.
10
Power Uncertainty Individuali Masculin
Country
Table 3.1 Summarizes Distance Avoidance sm ity
these data for 20 Argentina 49 86 46 56
selected countries. Australia 36 51 90 61
The index score for Brazil 69 76 38 49
each of these four Canada 39 48 80 52
dimensions ranges form Denmark 18 23 74 16
0-100 France 68 86 71 43
Germany(F. 35 65 67 66
R.)
Great 35 35 89 66
Britain
Indonesia 78 48 14 46
India 77 40 48 56
Israel 13 81 54 47
Japan 54 92 46 95
Mexico 81 82 30 69
Netherland 38 53 80 14
s
Panama 95 86 11 44
Spain 57 86 51 42
Sweden 31 29 71 5
11
Thailand 64 64 20 34
Cultural Change
Culture is not constant; it evolves over time.
12
Culture of societies may also change as they become richer because economic
progress affects a number of other factor, which in turn influence culture.
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13
Cross-
Cultural
Literacy
14
Cross-cultural Literacy
• One of the biggest Example:
dangers confronting a
company that goes A golf ball manufacturing
abroad for the first time company packaged golf balls in
is the danger of being packs of four for convenient
ill-informed. purchase in Japan.
International Unfortunately, this was a fatal
businesses that are ill- mistake, as the word “four” in
informed about the Japanese sounds like the word
practices of another “death” and is, therefore,
culture are likely to fail considered unlucky. As you can
imagine, the product was not
• To combat the danger successful.
of being ill-informed,
international Be careful of all symbols of
businesses should death when doing business in
consider employing Japan. If you fancy wearing a
local citizens to help kimono, make sure you wrap
them do business in a the left side over the right one.
particular culture. Otherwise, you will hint that you 15
want to be buried.
• Offensive
Advertisement of
Osprey
Yellow Pages lands in
the soup
28
Culture and Competitive Advantage
The value system and norms of a country
influence the costs of doing business in that
country. The costs of doing business in a
country influence the ability of firms to
establish a competitive advantage in the
global marketplace 29
The Relationship of Culture and National Competitive Advantage
King’s Winterf
Landing ell