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Data is acquired by using a fast imaging technique, such as single or multishot echo planar
imaging (EPI) to produce a temporal resolution of approximately 2 seconds.
The imaging sequence may be gradient echo which will maximize T2* weighting or alternatively a
spin echo approach can be used which will minimize the signal contribution from large vessels.
A series of at least five pre-contrast images should be collected prior to the passage of the bolus to
improve the estimation of the signal intensity baseline during analysis.
A standard contrast dose (0.1 mmol/kg) is adequate in most cases although double dose of
gadolinium (0.2 mmol/Kg) may be used to improve signal to noise ratio.
The contrast is usually injected via an 18- or 20-gauge IV catheter at a high rate (3-7 mL/sec) using
a power injector. The injection should be followed by a saline flush of at least 25 mL (20-30 mL) in
order to ensure that the bolus, which enters the central circulation is as coherent as possible
Data analysis:
Contrast recirculation
It has poor SNR, however, ASL has better spatial and
temporal resolution than PET. Poor SNR and
sensitivity to abnormally long transit delays of tagged
protons prevents its general application.
APPLICATIONS
MR Perfusion in Stroke
Mismatch between PW and DW represent potentially
salvageable tissue (penumbra). PW-DW mismatch is
also indicator of clinical outcome. Small mismatch has
good clinical outcome. Large mismatch is associated
with poor clinical outcome and larger vessel occlusion.
Brain tumors
Other disorders
In addition to evaluation of ischemia and tumors, MR perfusion imaging has been
applied to the study of various other neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as
dementia and migraine headaches .
The effects of psychoactive drugs, such as cocaine, have been studied as well (Kaufman
MJ et al., presented at the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,
April 1996).
In the case of migraine headaches, decreases in cerebral blood volume and cerebral
blood flow have been seen during the auras compared with the post-aura state
(Sorensen AG et al., presented at the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in
Medicine, April 1996).
In the case of dementia, decreases in cerebral blood volume in the temporal and
parietal lobes of patients with Alzheimer's disease have correlated well with the results
of SPECT studies on the same subjects
DYNAMIC CONTRAST-ENHANCED MRI