PATOFISIOLOGI HIPERTENSI

• Blood pressure is a function of cardiac output X peripheral

resistance
• Then the diameter of the blood vessels greatly affect blood
flow.
• When the diameter decreases (as in atherosclerosis) the
resistance and pressure increase.
• Conversely, when the diameter increases (as with the use of
vasodilator drug therapy), resistance decreases and blood
pressure becomes lower.
• the main regulator is SNS (Symphatethic Nervous System) for
short-term control and kidney for long-term control.

• In response to the fall in blood pressure the sympathetic

nervous system produces norephinepherin, a
vasoconstriction, which works in the small arteries and
arterioles to increase peripheral resistance and increase blood
pressure.
• Conditions that occur as a result of over stimulation of the
peripheral nervous system (such as some adrenal disorders or
sleep apnea) result in an increase in blood pressure.

• The kidneys control blood pressure by regulating the amount

of extracellular fluid volume and renin secretion, which
activates the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS).