Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral resistance, which is affected by the diameter of blood vessels. Narrowed blood vessels increase resistance and pressure, as seen in atherosclerosis, while vasodilators lower resistance and pressure by widening vessels. The sympathetic nervous system provides short-term blood pressure regulation through norepinephrine release, while the kidneys control long-term blood pressure via extracellular fluid volume and renin secretion activating the renin-angiotensin system.
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral resistance, which is affected by the diameter of blood vessels. Narrowed blood vessels increase resistance and pressure, as seen in atherosclerosis, while vasodilators lower resistance and pressure by widening vessels. The sympathetic nervous system provides short-term blood pressure regulation through norepinephrine release, while the kidneys control long-term blood pressure via extracellular fluid volume and renin secretion activating the renin-angiotensin system.
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral resistance, which is affected by the diameter of blood vessels. Narrowed blood vessels increase resistance and pressure, as seen in atherosclerosis, while vasodilators lower resistance and pressure by widening vessels. The sympathetic nervous system provides short-term blood pressure regulation through norepinephrine release, while the kidneys control long-term blood pressure via extracellular fluid volume and renin secretion activating the renin-angiotensin system.
• Blood pressure is a function of cardiac output X peripheral
resistance • Then the diameter of the blood vessels greatly affect blood flow. • When the diameter decreases (as in atherosclerosis) the resistance and pressure increase. • Conversely, when the diameter increases (as with the use of vasodilator drug therapy), resistance decreases and blood pressure becomes lower. • the main regulator is SNS (Symphatethic Nervous System) for short-term control and kidney for long-term control.
• In response to the fall in blood pressure the sympathetic
nervous system produces norephinepherin, a vasoconstriction, which works in the small arteries and arterioles to increase peripheral resistance and increase blood pressure. • Conditions that occur as a result of over stimulation of the peripheral nervous system (such as some adrenal disorders or sleep apnea) result in an increase in blood pressure.
• The kidneys control blood pressure by regulating the amount
of extracellular fluid volume and renin secretion, which activates the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS).