WPC ASSIGNMENT

Topic : Aryabhatta &

Baudhayana

Prepared by:

Gauri Biyani - 19MBAGEN052

 ARYABHATTA : THE ANCIENT GENIOUS

Aryabhatta was the first mathematician astronomer from the

classical age of India, when mathematics and astronomy were still
in their nascent stages of development around the globe.
His works have been extensively used by the Greeks and others in
the Middle East.
Aryabhatta was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers
from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian
astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya and the Arya-
siddhanta. For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he
also qualifies as a major early physicist.
His most famous work was compiled when he was just 23 years old.
Aryabhatta was one of the first indian
mathematicians and space exploration experts.
Aryabhatta composed numerous numerical and cosmic
treatises; among these, ‘aryabhatiya’ was his first major
work.
Ayrabhatiya covers several branches of mathematics such as
algebra, arithmetic, plane and spherical trigonometry.
 THE ARYABHATIYA CONTAINS 4 SECTIONS:
1. The first section is called ’Gitikapadam’, containing 13 shlokas.
Aryabhatiya begins with an introduction called the "Dasageethika"
or "Ten Stanzas." This begins by paying tribute to Brahman.

2. Next, Aryabhata lays out the numeration system used in the

work. It includes a listing of astronomical constants and the sine
table. He then gives an overview of his astronomical findings.
Most of the mathematics is contained in the next section, the
"Ganitapada" or "Mathematics."
3. The next section is the "Kalakriya" or "The Reckoning of
Time.“

In it, Aryabhata divides up days, months, and years according

to the movement of celestial bodies.

He divides up history astrologically; it is from this exposition

that a date of AD 499 has been calculated for the
compilation of the Aryabhatiya.

The book also contains rules for computing the longitudes of

planets using eccentrics and epicycles.
4. THE FINAL SECTION IS, THE "GOLA" OR "THE
SPHERE“.
Aryabhata goes into great detail describing the celestial
relationship between the Earth and the cosmos.
This section is noted for describing the rotation of the
Earth on its axis.
It further uses the armillary sphere and details rules
relating to problems of trigonometry and the
computation of eclipses.
He formulated a brilliant technique for finding the
lengths of chords of circles with half chords as
opposed to the full chord strategy utilized by Greeks.
ARYABHATTA WORKED ON THE DISCOVERY OF ZERO FOR
THE FIRST TIME
BAUDHAYANA : GREAT MATHEMATICIAN, PRIEST &
ARCHITECT
 BAUDHAYANA : GREAT MATHEMATICIAN, PRIEST &
ARCHITECT
Not much is known about Baudhayana. However, historians
attach the date c. 800 BCE (or BC).

Not even the exact date of death of this great mathematician

is recorded.

Some believe that he was not just a mathematician but in fact,

he was also a priest and an architect of very high standards.
 BAUDHAYANA : GREAT MATHEMATICIAN, PRIEST &
ARCHITECT
The case of Baudhayana is one of the many examples
where Greeks and other western civilizations took credit
of the discoveries originally made by ancient Indians.

Baudhayana in particular is the person who contributed

three important things towards the advancements of
mathematics:
1. He gave us the theorem that became known as pythagorean
theorem. Actually we should be calling it baudhayana theorem.

2. He gave us the method of circling a square.

3. He also gave us the method of finding the square root of 2.

 THE PYTHAGOREAN (BAUDHAYANA) THEOREM

Baudhayana wrote what is known as Baudhayana Sulbasutra.

It is one of the earliest Sulba Sutras written.

Now Sulba Sutras are nothing but appendices to famous Vedas and
primarily dealt with rules of altar construction.

In Baudhayana Sulbasutra, there are several mathematical

formulae or results that told how to precisely construct an altar.
In essence, Baudhayana Sulbasutra was more like a pocket dictionary,
full of formulae and results for quick references.

Baudhayana essentially belonged to Yajurveda school and hence, most

of his work on mathematics was primarily for ensuring that all
sacrificial rituals were performed accurately.

One of the most important contributions by Baudhayana was the

theorem that has been credited to Greek mathematician Pythagoras.
BAUDHAYANA SULBASUTRA

दीर्घचतुरश्रस्याक्ष्णया रज्जु: पार्श्र्वमानी तिर्यग् मानी च यत् पृथग् भूते कु रूतस्तदुभयं करोति ॥

When translated to English, it becomes:

> If a rope is stretched along the diagonal’s length, the
resulting area will be equal to the sum total of the area
of horizontal and vertical sides taken together.
Thank you