• HTML is used to create web pages.

An hyperlink
is added so that user can navigate.
• A typeface is a family of graphic characters that
usually includes many type sizes and styles.
• Example: Verdana, Times New Roman
• Type sizes are usually expressed in points; one
point is 0.0138 inch, or about 1/72 of an inch.
• A font is a collection of characters of a single size
and style belonging to a particular typeface
family.
• Example: Verdana 10 pt bold
• Font size- The font’s size is the distance from the
top of the capital letters to the bottom of the
descenders.
• Leading- Computer fonts automatically add
space below the descender (and sometimes
above) to provide appropriate line spacing.
• Kerning- kerning is the spacing between
character pairs.
• kerning is the process of adjusting the spacing
between characters in a proportional font,
usually to achieve a visually pleasing result. 

Tracking (letter-spacing) adjusts spacing uniformly

over a range of characters
The body width of each character can be made as Regular, Condensed, Expanded.
• Rasterizing – When a character which is expressed in a
mathematical representation to a recognizable symbol
to be displayed on the screen.
• Cases
• Typefaces are categorized as
Serif and Sans-serif
• Times, New Century Schoolbook, Bookman, and
Palatino are examples of serif fonts. Helvetica,
• Verdana, Arial, Optima, and Avant Garde are sans serif.
• Serif fonts – Body text
• Sans serif fonts- Headlines, Bold statements.
Choosing text fonts
• Use the legible font, don’t use decorative fonts.
• Use few typefaces.
• Adjust leading, tracking and kerning.
• Vary the font size based on the importance of text.
• In a large headlines, adjust the kerning.
• Using appropriate colours.
• Use anti-aliasing of text.
Aliasing is the visual stair-stepping of edges that
occurs in an image when the resolution is too low.
Anti-aliasing is the smoothing of jagged edges in
digital images by averaging the colors of the pixels
at a boundary.
Use Dropcap, smallcap or initial caps to accent
your words.
Dropcap - A drop cap is a decorative element
typically used in documents at the start of a
section or chapter.
Smallcap-In typography, small capitals (usually
abbreviated small caps) are lowercase characters
typeset with glyphs that resemble
uppercase letters ("capitals") but reduced in
height and weight, close to the surrounding
lowercase (small) letters or text figures.
Initial caps- Writing the first letter as capitals, and
remaining letters as small.
Standard measurement of text – 72 pixels/inch
chosen by Apple.
In 1985, Apple and Macintosh designed a software
to draw the shapes of characters as clusters of
square pixels using geometrical calculations –
Adobe Post Script description and outline font
language.
PostScript – is a method of describing image in
terms of mathematical constructs(Beizer Curves).
It can be easily scaled bigger or higher irrespective
of screen resolution.
Two types: Type 3 and Type1
Type 3 – to support printers, outline fonts, offering
excellent output, do not support
hinting(optimising character shapes at small size).
Can have elloborate designs, takes more memory,
not compressed, appear bolder
Type 1: supports hinting, has less designs, less
memory, appears less bolder than Type3.
In 1989, Apple and Microsoft – developed
Truetype font – A better and faster quadratic
curves outline font methodology. It could display
well on a low resolution.
In 2007, OpenType font methodology – used the
best features of TrueType and PostScript.
Type foundry- company that designs and sells
typefaces.
Example: Adobe, Apple, Google, Berthold Type Foundry
William Caxton
ASCII
Extended Character Set
UniCode
FontLab- develop postscript, truetype and opentype
typefaces.
• design patents have been issued for Bigelow &
Holmes’ Lucida,
• ITC Stone, and Adobe’s Minion.
• Fontographer’s features - has freehand drawing
tool to create professional and precise inline and
outline drawings of calligraphic and script
characters, using either the mouse or alternative
input methods(such as a pressure-sensitive pen
system).
• Fontographer allows the creation of multiple
font designs from two existing typefaces, and
you can design lighter or heavier fonts by
modifying the weight of an entire typeface.
• Pretty text- blend,rotate, tweaked
• Jaggies-Stairlike lines that appear where there
should be smooth straight lines or curves.
• Hypermedia
• HyperText-Hypertext is defined as the organized
cross-linking of words, images, and other Web
elements.
• A system in which words are keyed or indexed to
other words is referred to as a hypertext system.
• A hypertext system enables the user to navigate
through text in a non-linear way.
Searching for words
• Categories Selecting or limiting the documents, pages, or
fields of text within which to search for a word or words.
• Word relationships-Searching for words according to
their general proximity and order.
• Adjacency
• Alternates
• Association- use of AND conjunction
• Negation- use of NOT
• Truncation-pattern matching
• Intermediate words-
• Frequency
• Hypermedia strucutures-
• Links are connections between the conceptual
elements, that is, the nodes,
• Nodes - Which may consist of text, graphics,
sounds, or related information in the knowledge
base.
• A link anchor is where you come from.
• A link end is the destination node linked to the
anchor.