TURBOCHARGER

AND
SUPERCHARGER
   Submitted By:- Amlan Poddar
   Mechanical Engineering Dept
            3rd Year, 5th Sem
Roll No:- UG/02/BTME/2017/024
                   INTRODUCTION
• The power output of an engine depends upon the
amount of air inducted per unit time and the degree of
utilization of this air , and the thermal efficiency of the
engine.
Indicated engine power; 
IP=P*L*A*n*K/60000 ……………..(1)
Where, IP= indicated power (kW)
P=indicated mean effective pressure(N/m2)
L=length of stroke
A= area of piston
n= no of power stroke, for 2-s engine-N and for 4-s engine N/2, N= rpm
K= No of cylinders
Three possible methods utilized to increase the
air consumption of an engine are as follows:-
Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and
weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling
problems.

Running the engine at higher speeds: This results in increased

mechanical friction losses and imposes greater inertia stresses
on engine parts.

Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater

mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.
                      Definition
The most efficient method of increasing the power of an
engine is by supercharging, i.e. increasing the flow of air
into the engine to enable more fuel to be burnt.
• A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive, powered
by engine power .
• A Turbocharger uses the otherwise unused energy in the
exhaust gases to drive a turbine directly connected by a
co-axial shaft to a rotary compressor in the air intake
system. 
 COMPRESSED
AIR

Air inlet

  Supercharger
Types

  Turbocharger
Need of Turbocharger and Supercharger

• For ground installations, it is used to produce a gain in

the power out put of the engine.

• For aircraft installations, in addition to produce a gain

in the power out put at sea-level, it also enables the
engine to maintain a higher power out put as altitude
is increased.
Working principle of a Turbocharger:-
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of
the exhaust gases of an engine.
•  A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor  on a
shared shaft. 
• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in turn
used to drive the compressor. 
• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the
intake manifold at increased pressure, resulting in a greater mass
of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.
Where the Turbocharger is located
in the car
 Selection process of Turbocharger

• The concept of turbocharger is illustrated in Figure 7.

•Compressor air inlet,Point1- p1,

T1
•Compressor air out let, point2-
p2, T2
•Turbine exhaust gas inlet, point
3-p3,T3
•Turbine exhaust gas outlet-
P4, T4

Illustration of the concept of a turbocharger.

 Advantages of Supercharger and
Turbocharger:-
• The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local
atmospheric pressure (boost), the more power the engine
produces. Automotive superchargers for street use typically
produce a maximum boost pressure between 0.33 to 1.0 bar ,
providing a proportionate increase in power.

• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less

oxygen, reducing power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea
level, but a supercharger can compensate for that loss, pressurizing
the intake charge to something close to sea level pressure.
Disadvantages of Turbocharger and
Supercharger:-
• Cost and complexity
• Detonation
• Parasitic losses
• Space
• Turbo lag
 Types of Compressor:-

1.Centrifugal 2. Vane type

type

3. Root’s type
THANK YOU!