CHLORIDE

CHLORIDE
• Principal anion of ECF and balances cations in the EFC, maintaining
the electrical neutrality of the fluid.
• Chloride ion is the major contributor to acid-base balance, gastric juice
acidity, and the osmolality of ECF.
• Plays an important role for regulating the amount of fluid in the body
and maintaining proper hydration.
• Concentrate urine in the kidney.
• The paths of secretion and reabsorption of chloride ions in the renal
system follow the paths of sodium ions.
HYPOCHLOREMIA HYPERCHLOREMIA
• Decreased serum chloride level • Elevated serum chloride level
• Can occur because of defective • Can occur due to dehydration, excessive
renal tubular absorption, intake of salt (NaCl) or swallowing sea
• With severe chloride loss, water, aspirin intoxication, heart failure
decreased blood pressure is and lung disease.
seen. • In people who have cystic fibrosis,
chloride level in sweat are two to five
times those of normal levels
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Tremors, twitching, and slow, shallow breathing. Weakness, lethargy, deep and rapid
breathing and eventually unconsciousness

A normal serum chloride level is 96-106 mEq/L

SODIUM AND CHLORIDE
• Frequently work in combination.
• Table sugar
• With increased osmolality (>300 mOsm/kg), there are more sodium
and chloride ions proportional to the water.