Performance

Comparison of
AODV, DSDV and
DSR routing
protocol for VANET
 Content
• Introduction

• State of Art
• VANET
• SUMO
• MOVE
• NS2

• Routing Protocol

• Performance Metrics

• Conclusion
 Introduction
• As vehicles become more and more intelligent, it
is estimated that in the near future, they will be
equipped with radio interfaces.

• This will allow the development of vehicular

networks, commonly referred to as VANET, an
instance of mobile ad hoc networks with cars as
the mobile nodes.

• Such networks will provide the necessary

infrastructure for various applications that can
help improve the safety and efficiency of road
traffic.
 VANET
• VANET stands for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network.

• VANET provides wireless communication among

vehicles and vehicle to road side equipment's.

• It uses moving cars as nodes in a network to

create a mobile node.

• Communication between vehicles is used for

safety, comfort and for entertainment as well.
VANET Cont…
Graphical flow of VANET
Simulation
 Traffic Generator SUMO
• Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) is an open
source, highly portable, microscopic traffic
simulation package used to generate traffic and
handle large road networks.

• In this project, I developed a scenario which is

used to analyze and compare the given routing
protocols.

• To construct the scenario we need to make the

following things:
• Node
• Edge
 SUMO Cont...
• Node : Node is defined as a starting point,
junction or end point of the road.

• Edge : Edge is defined as the connection between

the node i.e. road.

• Flow : It defines the flow of traffic in the network

such as number of vehicles, initial and end
position of the vehicle.
SUMO Cont…
SUMO Cont…
 MOVE
• MOVE stands for MObility model generator for
VEhicular networks.

• Used to generate MOVE trace file from the SUMO

files.

• MOVE trace file later used to generate the TCL file

for analyses in NS2.
 NS2
• NS2 stands for Network Simulator Version 2.

• It is an open-source, event-driven simulator

designed specifically for research in computer
communication networks.

• Ns is an object oriented simulator, written in C++,

with an OTcl interpreter as a frontend.
 NS2 Cont…
• As we use TCL as front-end, we have to execute
the TCL file.

• After simulating the program, we get the output in

the form of two files. One is called as the network
animator file (NAM) and the other is called the
trace file.

• NAM file stores the output in such a way that it

can be used by the animator to show an animated
result.

• Trace file stores the output so that it can be

NS2 Cont…
Routing
Protocol
 Routing Protocol

• Routing protocol specifies how router

communicate with each other.

• I am going to discuss three types of routing

protocol. They are:

• Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV)

• Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)
• Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV)
 AODV
• AODV stands for Ad-hoc On-demand Distance
Vector (AODV) routing protocol.

• It is a reactive routing protocol i.e. it establishes a

route to a destination only on request.

• It is capable of both unicast and multicast routing.

• Connection establishment by broadcasting the

request for connection.
AODV Cont…
 DSR
• DSR stands for Dynamic Source Routing protocol.

• DSR is a reactive routing protocol i.e. it doesn’t

use periodic advertisements.

• It uses source routing, which means that the

source must know the whole hop sequence to the
destination.

• Route cache maintains the previously computed

routes.
 DSR Cont...
• The protocol is composed of two main mechanism
• Route Discovery
• Route Mechanism

• Route Discovery is initiated by broadcasting a

route request message only when a source node
does not have a valid route to the destination in
its route cache.

• Route Maintenance is used to manage route

breaks.
DSR Cont…
DSR Cont…
 DSDV
• DSDV is Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV)
routing protocol.

• Each mobile station maintains routing table that lists all

available destination.

• In this sequence number is used to distinguish old routes

from new ones and thus avoid the formation of loops.

• The stations transmit their routing tables to their

immediate neighbors periodically or in case of any
update.
DSDV Cont…
Comparison table

Protocol DSDV DSR AODV

Attributes
Route Table Maintains a Doesn’t maintain Doesn’t maintain
routing Table routing table routing table
Route discovery Low High High
Latency
Routing Method Link State Distance Distance
Routing Routing Routing
Overhead High Low Low
 Performance Metrics

• I am going to analyses the protocols on the basis

of 4 metrics:

• Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)

• Average end-to-end delay
• Throughput
• Normalized routing load
 Performance Metrics Cont…
•  Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): It is defined
as the ratio of number of received data packets at
the destination to the number of generated data
packets.
Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) =
Packet Delivery Ratio
 Performance Metrices Cont…
•  Average end-to-end delay: Average end to
end delay is defined as the time a data packet is
received by the destination minus the time the
data packet is generated by the source.
Average end to end delay =
Average end-to-end delay
 Performance Metrices Cont…
•  Throughput: Throughput refers to how much
data can be transferred from one location to
another in a given amount of time.
Throughput =
Throughput
 Performance Metrices Cont…
•  Normalized routing load: Normalized
Routing Load (or Normalized Routing Overhead) is
defined as the total number of routing packet
transmitted per data packet.
Normalized routing load =
Normalized Routing load
 Conclusion
• AODV shows higher throughput than the DSR and DSDV as
the rate of packet received for AODV is better than the
DSDV.

• DSDV routing protocol consumes more bandwidth,

because of the frequent broadcasting of routing updates.

• The results of the simulation indicate that performance of

the AODV protocol is superior to standard DSR and DSDV

• For higher number of node although AODV is better for

most cases but their delivery ratio remains close to each
other.