Professional Documents
Culture Documents
English 1
Prof. Federle
Cause and Effect analyzes
why something happens.
Some effects are caused
by multiple causes.
Some causes, in turn, can
result in multiple effects.
Main cause: the most important cause
Contributory Causes: less important
Immediate Cause: closely precedes the
effect.
Remote cause: less obvious because it
involves something in the past or far away.
Causal Chain: an effect can be the cause to
another effect, on so on.
Avoiding Post Hoc Reasoning:
Do not assume that just because even A
precedes event B, event A caused even
B. This illogical assumption is called post
hoc reasoning. This error leads you to
confuse coincidence with causality.
Do not confuse words like because,
therefore and consequently (indicating a
causal relationship), with words like
subsequently, later, and afterward
(chronological relationship words)
Exercise: Global Warming
1) Listen to the following report, originally
presented on NPR’s news program,
“Morning Edition” on February 17, 2006.
2) as you listen, answer the questions as
they appear on the screen.
3) Afterwards, we will brainstorm the
possible chain of cause and effect
contributing to this issue.
NOTE TAKING WORKSHEET
Study: Greenland Ice Sheet Melting Faster Than Thought February
17, 2006 from National Public Radio’s
Morning Edition
1. Why are researchers interested in Greenland’s
icecap?
2. What are two opposing processes mentioned
by Rignot that might either cause the icecap to
melt, or to replenish it? What is actually
happening?
3. According to Harris, how fast is Greenland now
losing ice? What is the effect?
4. According to Rignot, what was the previous
time scale for the loss of ice from Greenland?
What is it now?
NOTE TAKING WORKSHEET
Study: Greenland Ice Sheet Melting Faster Than Thought
February 17, 2006 from National Public Radio’s Morning Edition
important.
The order in which you will treat your points.