ISO 14000

Dr. Rajwinder Singh

Associate Professor

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 ISO 14000
ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management
that exists to help organizations:
•Minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the
environment (i.e., cause adverse changes to air, water, or land)
•Comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally
oriented requirements, and (c) continually improve in the above.
•Both ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 focus on processes
•The ISO 19011 audit standard applies when auditing for both 9000 and
14000 compliance at once.
•The ISO 14001 standard is the most important standard within the ISO
14000 series. ISO 14001 specifies the requirements of an environmental
management system (EMS) for small to large organizations. An EMS is a
systemic approach to handling environmental issues within an
organization. The ISO 14001 standard is based on the Plan-Check-Do-
Review-Improve cycle.

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 ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems
ISO 14000, which was initially released in 1996 and updated in 2004, is a
global series of environmental management systems (EMS) standards. ISO
14000 series of international standards have been developed so that
organizations may incorporate environmental aspects into operations and
product standards. It is a set of voluntary environmental management
standards, guides and technical reports, which specifically focuses on
corporate environmental management systems, operating practices, products,
and services. The ISO 14000 series addresses the following aspects of
environmental management:
•Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
•Environmental Auditing & Related Investigations (EA&RI)
•Environmental Labels and Declarations (EL)
•Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE)
•Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
•Terms and Definitions (T&D)

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 Compliance to an ISO 14000 EMS
• Assures customers of your commitment to demonstrable environmental
management
• Maintains excellent public relations
• Satisfies investor criteria and improves access to capital
• Obtains insurance at reasonable cost
• Enhances your image and market share
• Meets your clients' registration requirements
• Improves cost control by identifying and eliminating waste and
inefficiency
• Lessens incidents that result in liability
• Reduces your consumption of materials and energy
• Facilitates the attainment of permits and authorizations
• Decreases the cost of complying with environmental regulations
• Improves industry-government relations

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 ISO 14000 registration

• With respect to ISO 14000, registration is the

formal recognition of an organization's ability to
conform to the requirements of an EMS.
Organizations may simply declare that their EMS
meets the requirements of ISO 14001 ("self-
declaration"). However, many organizations choose
to have their EMS registered, usually to provide
greater assurance to clients and the public, or
because regulators and clients require it.

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 Principles behind the ISO 14000 series
The ISO 14000 standards and documents are being developed with the
following key principles in mind:
•To result in better environmental management
•To encompass EMSs and the environmental aspects of products
•To be applicable in all countries
•To promote the broader interests of the public as well as users of these
standards
•To be cost-effective, non-prescriptive and flexible so they are able to meet
the differing needs of organizations of any type or size, worldwide
•As part of their flexibility, to be suitable for internal and/or external
verification
•To be scientifically based
•Above all, to be practical, useful and usable

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 ISO 14000 standards- "Organization" and "Product" oriented

The ISO 14000 series fall into two major groupings: organization-oriented and
product-oriented documents. The organization-oriented standards provide complete
guidance for establishing, maintaining and evaluating an EMS. They are also
concerned with other organization-wide environmental systems and functions. The
following is a list of the published organization-oriented ISO 14000 standards, TRs
and guides:
•ISO 14001:2004: Guidance for Use
•ISO 14004:2004: Principles, Systems and Supporting Techniques
•ISO 14010:1996: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-General Principles
•ISO 14011:1996: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-Audit Procedures-Auditing of
Environmental Management Systems
•ISO 14012:1996: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-Qualification Criteria for
Environmental Auditors
•ISO 14031:1999: Environmental Management-Environmental Performance Evaluation-
Guidelines ISO/TR
•14032:1999, Environmental Management-Examples of Environmental Performance Evaluation
(EPE)ISO/TR
•14061:1998, Information to Assist Forestry Organizations in the Use of Environmental
Management System Standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004
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 ISO 14000 standards- Product oriented

• The product-oriented standards are concerned with

determining the environmental aspects and impacts
of products or services over their life cycles, and
with the application of environmental labels and
declarations on or to products. These standards
assist an organization in assembling the data
needed to support planning and decision-making,
and to communicate specific environmental
information about a product/service to customers,
end-users, and other interested parties.

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 ISO 14000 and International Trade
• ISO endeavours to avoid the creation of unnecessary
barriers to trade. The objective of environmental
management standards has been to develop a common
language platform for environmental issues, so that
businesses, prospective customers, and governments are
certain that all organizational level environmental concerns
have been addressed. By focusing on management and
product standards, and emphasizing guidance over strict
specifications in its documents, ISO 14000 has created a
positive ambiance for world trade, at the same time
encouraging progress in environmental performance.

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ISO 14000 – SIX BASIC AREAS TO CONSIDER

LOCAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND
COMMUNITY
ISSUES USE OF BASIC
EMISSIONS MATERIALS AND
TO AIR NATURAL
RESOURCES
COMMITMENT TO
CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT
CONTAMI
RELEASES NATION
TO OR
WATER DEGRADING
OF LAND
WASTE
MANAGEMENT

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 ISO 14001 – Numerous benefits
1. Cost reduction in operating and material • The list of tangible and
savings thro’ systemic management. implied benefits of ISO
2. Global opportunities by living up to standards 14001 can go on for pages
expected , or soon required , by customers like :
suppliers in other markets. • To reduce pollution
3. Process controls that reduce paper work and • To Conserve resources
training costs thro’ a structured approach , thus
increasing productivity. • To Improve Quality of Air
4. Greater access to Financial capital , Lower • To improve Quality of
insurance rates and higher share holder Water
confidence by reassuring the financial • To improve Quality of Land
community that you are managing • To improve Quality of Life
environmental risks. for ourselves and for
5. High probability of being treated with greater Generations yet unborn.
deference and cooperation by Govt regulators
looking to shift from costly command and
control to free market leadership ; associated
savings in avoiding fines and even criminal
penalties.
6. Savings through integration of environmental
management with quality , health and safety
management as ISO 14000 blends with ISO
9000, TQM and other improved cycle based
systems.
7. A Continual improvement system in place , that
allows an organization to demonstrate
improvement and to anticipate future
environmental demands.
8. A Certifiable image of environmental
awareness , resulting in motivated employees ,
a marketable public image and measurable 11
sales opportunities .
 What is NOT ISO 14000 ?

• ISO 14000 is NOT a panacea.

It is NOT green washing that
gives the appearance of
responsibility without actual
commitment. It is only an
assurance that a company is
striving to comply with Having an environmental
regulatory requirements and Management system like ISO14001
achieving SELF DEFINED Is like buying insurance for the
GOALS. Yet with genuine Future on an installment plan.
Leadership commitment, ISO
14000 will allow your
Organization to live up to
Environmental stewardship.

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 ISO 14000 – Internal / External objectives
What can be achieved with ISO 14001:2004

Internal objectives
• provide assurance to management that it is in control of the organizational
processes and activities having an impact on the environment

• assure employees that they are working for an environmentally responsible

organization.

External objectives
• provide assurance on environmental issues to external stakeholders – such
as customers, the community and regulatory agencies

• comply with environmental regulations

• support the organization's claims and communication about its own
environmental policies, plans and actions
• provides a framework for demonstrating conformity via suppliers'
declarations of conformity, assessment of conformity by an external
stakeholder - such as a business client - and for certification of conformity by
an independent certification body.
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 Comparison of ISO Standards

ISO 9000 / ISO 14000

ISO 9000 from ISO 14000 from

BS 5750 BS 7750

Quality Management system Environmental Management

QMS System - EMS

Affects the public to an infinite

Degree besides the products.

Reduces / eliminates REJECTS the

energy and waste

Mainly affects Company’s

Customers and Products

Reduces / eliminates REJECTS

To save REWORK . 14
 Which Organizations can use ISO 14000 ?
ISO 14000 ( ISO 14001) can be used for
Organizations that wishes to …….

Implement , maintain and improve

an environmental management system

Assure itself of its conformance

with its stated environmental policy

Demonstrate such conformance to others

Seek certification / Registration of its EMS by an

external organization

Make SELF DETERMINATION and

SELF DECLARATION of conformance with this
International standard
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Environment – Scope and definitions

Environmental
aspect

Environmental Environmental
Target impact

Environmental Environmental
ENVIRONMENT
Policy Mgt system

Environment is the
SURROUNDINGS ( from with
Environmental in an orgn to a Global system)
EMS Audit
Performance in which an orgn.
Operates including
Environmental AIR , WATER , LAND
Objective NATURAL RESOURCES
FLORA , FAUNA ,
HUMANS and their
Interrelation.

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 Environmental aspect.

• It is element of an
organization’s activities ,
products or services that
can interact with an
environment.
• Eg: Oil is sealed in a
container may have no
interaction with an
environment around it
• But if the container leaks ,
the interaction could be
far reaching and
significant.
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 Environmental Impact

• It is any change to the

environment , whether
adverse or beneficial ,
wholly or partially resulting
from an organization’s
activities , products or POSITIVE POSITIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL
services. IMAGE IMPACT
• There is a natural tendency WETLAND
RESTORATION
to think of COMMUNITY
FORESTRY PROGRAM
“ environmental impact” in a DISCHARGE OF
negative sense , just as WASTE WATER
there is a natural tendency THAT IS CLEANER…
THAN YOUR
to think of “environmental INTAKE SOURCE
management” in terms of
reduction of pollution ,
STRONG PUBLIC
waste , or resource usage. RELATIONS THAT
LIFTS THE
COMPANY’S
IMAGE
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 Environmental Management system

It is part of an overall Management system that includes:

• ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
• PLANNING ACTIVITIES with sound environmental thinking
• RESPONSIBILITIES
• PRACTICES
• PROCEDURES
• PROCESSES AND RESOURCES for developing, implementing,
achieving , reviewing and maintaining the environmental activity

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 ISO 14000 – Primary Documentation requirements

ISO 14001

Standard operating
Environmental
Procedures- SOP Job Instructions
Policy Statements
(Procedural manual)

Documentation is CRITICAL to satisfying ISO 14000

As well as ISO 9000. It is objective evidence that
Provides certainty that your Company is performing Records
To these standards.

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 ISO 14001 – ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Pg 1 -
This provides a clear , accurate picture of the Organization’s beliefs and activities
of environmental management. Customers, Suppliers employees, Investors, Govt.
authorities, Public and other related parties reading this document should easily
discern the following :
1.The Organization’s Environment vision and guiding principles having approval
and support by Top level Management.
2.The environmental policy relevance to the Organization’s operations , products
and services.
3.The Organization’s key commitments ( for eg: Prevention of Pollution , Fulfilling
legal requirements)
4.The Organization’s intent to communicate the policy to all internal and external
parties .
5.The Organization’s commitment to CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT PLANS.

This policy is a MARKETING TOOL and should be designed to make a GOOD

FIRST IMPRESSION . Sincerity and specify are vital. The environment Policy can
also indicate Organizational goals such as an intent to keep abreast of relevant
technology and management practices for enhancing performance evaluation
procedures and related indicators.
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 Environmental Policy – Pg 2

• It is a statement by the organization of its intentions and

principles in relation to its overall environmental
performance and continual improvement which provides a
framework for action and for the setting of its environmental
objectives and targets .

• Auditors will measure the clarity and conciseness of your

company policy.

• It is usually not more than few paragraphs long –

summarizing how you approach environmental issues , who
approves and supports it (top management) how the policy
is appropriate for the organization at hand , and what your
organization is committed to.

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 Environmental (Quality) objective

• It is overall environmental goal , arising from the environmental

policy , that an organization sets itself to achieve, and which is
quantified where practicable.

• The quantification can be a combination of a measured number

and a time span ( We will reduce solid waste from all our
facilities by 50% over the next 5 years)

• It also provides Auditors with objective evidence by which they

can measure the effectiveness of the EMS .

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 Environmental performance

• It is measurable results of the environmental management system ,

related to an organization’s control of its environmental aspects ,
based on its environmental policy , objectives and targets.

• Objective evidence of environmental performance must be

expressed as numbers , which are the result of the measurement of
that performance .This is important because it lets you know
upfront that measurement (and documentation of that
measurement) is a pre requisite for proving that your organization
is moving toward or reaching its environmental goals.

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 Environmental target

• It is the detailed performance requirement , quantified where

practicable to the organization of parts or parts there of , that
arises from the environmental objectives and needs to be set
and met in order to achieve those objectives.

• For eg: “ To conserve energy by reducing between Jan 2009 –

Dec 2009 , the amount of electricity used at all company
facilities by 25% as measured in terms of KWH consumed per
unit of product , compared with 2008 levels.

• The statement explains in detail what objective is being met (to

conserve energy)

• Targets should be in black and white easily determined Goals

Quantification helps to demonstrate whether or not those
Goals have been met.
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 EMS – Requirements details – Page 01
• 4.1 – General requirements (4.0) The organization shall establish, implement and
maintain an environmental management system (EMS)

• 4.2 – Environment policy – The top management shall define the organization’s
environmental policy

• 4.2.a – appropriate to the nature , scale and environmental impacts of its activities ,
products and services

• 4.2 b – commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution.

• 4.2.c – commitment to comply with relevant environmental legislation and

regulations and with other requirements.

• 4.2 d – framework for setting and reviewing environmental targets and objectives

• 4.2.e – documented , maintained and communicated to all employees and related

sources.

• 4.2. f – available to the public.

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 EMS – Requirements details – Page 02
• 4.3 – Planning (4.2) • 4.5 – Checking and corrective action (4.4)
• 4.3.1 – Environmental aspects (4.2.1) • 4.5.1 – Monitoring and measurement (4.4.1)
• 4.3.2 – Legal & other requirements (4.2.2) • 4.5.2 – Non conformance and corrective and
• 4.3.3 - Objectives and targets preventive action (4.4.2)
• 4.3.4 – Environmental management • 4.5.3 – Records (4.4.3)
programs ( 4.2.4) • 4.5.4 - EMS Audit (4.4.4)
• 4.4 – Implementation and operation • 4.6 – Management review (4.5)
• 4.4.1 – structure and responsibility (4.3.1)
• 4.4.2 – Training awareness and
competence (4.3.2)
• 4.4.3 – Communication ( 4.3.3)
• 4.4.4 – Environmental management
system documentation (4.3.4)
• 4.4.5 – Document control ( 4.3.5)
• 4.4.6 – Operational control ( 4.3.6)
• 4.4.6 a – establishing and maintaining
documented procedures
• 4.4.6 b – stipulating operating criteria
• 4.4.6 c - establishing procedures
relevant to the EMS
• 4.4.7 - Emergency preparation and
response (4.3.7)

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 ISO 14001 – Building an EMS

Elements to be incorporated in to EMS :

1. An environmental policy must be established and maintained.
2. EMS Manual
3. Procedures must be established and maintained.
4. Environmental objectives and targets
5. Roles , responsibilities and authorities for the implementation
6. Resources for design , implement and maintain EMS must be identified and
provided.
7. MR to be appointed
8. Training needs must be identified continually and Training procedures need
to be established.
9. All Records to be maintained
10. IQA must be established and practiced regularly
11. Management review must be conducted regularly and documented
12. Customer feed backs and Customer Audit reports must be maintained.

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 EMS Audit
• EMS audit a systematic and documented verification process
of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine
whether an organization’s EMS conforms to audit criteria set
and for communication of this process to management.

• Again , conventional wisdom aside, an audit does NOT certify

that you are doing everything right. It merely certifies that what
it examined was free of non conformances to the standard at
the time the examination was made.

• The audit team has the option to determine if those criteria are
appropriate and adequate for the organization at hand , and it
has an obligation to cite as non conformances any practices
that violate prevailing environmental laws or Government
regulations.

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 ISO 14001 – Listing of potential environmental records
considered by the authorities of ISO 14001

1. Information on applicable environmental Laws and regulations

2. Complaint records
3. Training records including the verification of effectiveness of training and
Training needs analysis
4.Process information including impact identification
5 .Product information
6. Inspection , maintenance and Calibration records
7. Pertinent Contractor and Supplier information
8. Incident reports and corrective action written in response
9. Information regarding EMERGENCY PREPARDNESS
and response including RECORDS OF DRILLS
10. Records indicating how environmental aspects were
identified and ranked
11. Audit Schedule , results
12. Follow up on Corrective actions
13. Management review records including evaluation of Technological options and
consideration of environmental aspects when planning expansion

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 ISO 14000 Family of Standards
• This section concisely describes the essential features
of the ISO 14000 family.

• The ISO 14000 family addresses various aspects of

environmental management. The very first two standards,
ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 14004:2004 deal with
environmental management systems (EMS). ISO
14001:2004 provides the requirements for an EMS and
ISO 14004:2004 gives general EMS guidelines.

• The other standards and guidelines in the family address

specific environmental aspects, including: labeling,
performance evaluation, life cycle analysis, communication
and auditing.
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 ISO 1400 – Other related environmental
standards- Page : 01

• ISO14001:2004: Environmental management systems --

Requirements with guidance for use.

• ISO14004:2004: Environmental management systems --

General guidelines on principles, systems and support
techniques.

• ISO/DIS14005: Environmental management systems --

Guidelines for the phased implementation of an environmental
management system, including the use of environmental
performance evaluation.

• ISO/WD14006: Environmental management systems --

Guidelines on eco-design.

• ISO14015:2001: Environmental management -- Environmental

assessment of sites and organizations (EASO)
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 ISO 1400 – Other related environmental
standards- Page : 02
ISO 14031:1999: Environmental management -- Environmental performance
evaluation – Guidelines

ISO/TR 14032:1999: Environmental management -- Examples of environmental

performance evaluation (EPE)
ISO 14040:2006:Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles
and framework
ISO 14044:2006: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment --
Requirements and guidelines
ISO/WD 14045: Eco-efficiency assessment -- Principles and requirements

ISO/TR 14047:2003: Environmental management -- Life cycle impact assessment --

Examples of application of ISO 14042
ISO/TR 14049:2000: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment --
Examples of application of ISO 14041 to goal and scope definition and
inventory analysis
ISO 14050:2009:Environmental management – Vocabulary
ISO/CD 14051:Environmental management -- Material flow cost accounting --
General principles and framework
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ISO 1400 – Other related environmental
standards- Page : 03

• ISO/TR 14062:2002: Environmental

management -- Integrating environmental
aspects into product design and
development
• ISO 14063:2006: Environmental management
-- Environmental communication --
Guidelines and examples
• ISO/WD 19011: Guidelines for auditing
management systems
• ISO 19011:2002: Guidelines for quality and/or
environmental management systems
auditing 34
ISO14001- Environment Procedures – Types

ISO 14001
PROCEDURE

All inclusive Procedure Umbrella Document

Provides all info an employee needs Will direct the reader to one or more
To know in completing a task. Work instructions

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 ISO14001- Contents of a Procedure
A Procedure must have the following contents to be a full fledged procedure .
1. Name of the department it refers to ….along with Procedure No , Revision
details , Procedure Owner etc.,
2. General description of the activity with Objectives and aims ( with photos if
any)
3. Details of INPUTS and expected OUTPUTS of that particular activity .
4. Details of the Title of the individual or individuals responsible for that activity
5. List of Standards or reference to Standards that list the resources needed to
perform the activity .
6. Quality standards of the Input and output along with Control measures and
methodology used to measure . Details of Limit samples etc .,
7. Documentary requirements for performing the activity.( Customer contract ,
Product drawing with revision details etc)
8. Reference to Specific work instructions related to this procedure including
Environment Impacts.
9. The details on bench marking for the Quality , Speed and effectiveness of that
activity .
10. Details on Safety instructions pertaining to this activity along with remarks on
IQA requirements for this procedure. ( Quality objective reference if any )

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 ISO 14001 - Management review
• According to ISO 14001
reviews should include :
1. Audit results including the
status and effectiveness of
corrective actions.
2. Measurements of success
in reaching objectives or
targets .
3. Gauges of the continuing
suitability of the EMS as it
stands.
4. The concerns of relevant
interested parties
• The purpose of the
Management review is to
determine whether the EMS
needs to be changed ,
revised or updated to
continue to do its job.
• Management review closes
one complete cycle of Policy
Planning , Implementation ,
checking and review and
opens another .
• A Good EMS is a continual
state of evolution ,
constantly becoming a
better EMS.
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ISO 14000 – Identifying environmental impacts
1. Addressing activities identified in UNION CONTRACTS.
2. Addressing COMMUNITY CONCERNS such as migrating Fowl , Preservation of
Local water sheds etc.,
3. Choosing cleaning products for organizational housekeeping based on life cycle
considerations.
4. Preventing and avoiding pollution by changes in Mgt practices for Grounds
keeping ( Foe eg: Decrease the no of Fertilizer applications on site)
5. Limiting the significant harmful environmental impacts of new development by
using integrated environmental management planning and policies.
6. Embracing product design practices that incorporate CRADLE – TO – GRAVE
concepts and minimize environmental impacts in production , use , disposal .
7. Decreasing use and waste of resources ( paper products , electricity , water) and
pledging to recover and recycle instead of dispose in administrative and
employee lounge areas.
8. Embracing environmental awareness philosophies in corporate philanthropically
programs by supporting Local educator training programs , scout etc .,
9. Relaying environmental experience to others through professional affiliations and
community activities.
10. Urging Suppliers and contractors to establish an EMS.

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 ISO 14001 – The Four stage plan for setting
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES

• Stage : 1 – Choose an activity or Process to

evaluate. • List of details of Consideration for
ranking and classifying environmental
• Stage :2 – Identify as many environmental impacts:
aspects associated with the selected activity 1. Overall Business management plans
or process as possible (packaging, 2. Scale of impact
transportation , use , disposal etc) 3. Severity of impact
4. Probability of occurrence
• Stage: 3 – Identify as many actual and 5. Permanence of impact
potential and negative environmental
impacts associated with each identified 6. Concerns of interested parties
aspect as possible. (Eg: The disposal could 7. Potential regulatory and legal exposure
lead to the following impacts : wasted 8. Difficulty in changing the impact.
resources , landfill , litter , incineration , 9. Cost of changing the impact.
discharge to water , sewer or air , smells
and so forth. 10. Effect of change in other activities and
processes.
11. Effect on the Public image of the
• Stage : 4 – Evaluate the significance of Organization.
identified environmental impacts .and
quantify with judgment. The overall cost 12. Industry standards and Goals
criteria plays a major role in ranking and 13. Current Technological options.
classifying impacts .

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