CHAPTER 7

LIGHT,
COLOUR AND
SIGHT
 OBJECTIVES
 State the characteristics of images
formed by a plane mirror.
 State the characteristics of images
formed by a convex lens.
 State the characteristics of images
formed by a concave lens.
Image formation by a
plane mirror
The plane mirror will produce
an image of the object on the
opposite side of the mirror.

An object is positioned in front of

a plane mirror

The distance from the object to

the mirror equals the distance
from the image to the mirror.
The Law of Reflection
 Inthe diagram, the ray of light
approaching the mirror is known as the
incident ray (labelled I in the diagram).

 Theray of light that leaves the mirror is

known as the reflected ray (labelled R in
the diagram).

 Atthe point of incidence where the ray

strikes the mirror, a line can be drawn
perpendicular to the surface of the
mirror. This line is known as a normal
line (labeled N in the diagram)..
 The normal line divides the angle
between the incident ray and the
reflected ray into two equal angles

 The angle between the incident ray and

the normal is known as the angle of
incidence. The angle between the
reflected ray and the normal is known
as the angle of reflection.
How you see the image?
 Check Understanding…
 1.Consider the diagram at the right. Which
one of the angles (A, B, C, or D) is the angle
of incidence? Which one of the angles is the
angle of reflection?
 A ray of light is incident towards a
plane mirror at an angle of 30-degrees
with the mirror surface. What will be the
angle of reflection?
7.1.1 Images Formed by
Plane Mirror

Virtual
image
Laterall
Same
y
distanc
inverte
e
d

Same
Upright
size
Virtual Image
Same Distance
Same Size
Upright
Laterally Inverted
 Have
fun…..
VIDEO 1
7.1.2 Images Formed by
Lenses

2.
2.
Concav
Concav
e
e lens
lens

1.
1. Convex
Convex
lens
lens
1. Convex Lens
2. Concave Lens
7.1.3 Study of Lens
Convex Lens
 What are the
characteristic of image
formed by convex lens???
 Virtu
al
Magn
ified

Near
object

Uprig
ht
 Inver
ted
Dimin
ished

Distant
object

Real
 Ray Diagrams
(Convex Lens)
1) Draw a path of light ray from the top
of the object parallel to the principal
axis, to the vertical line at the centre
of the lens.
2) Draw a path of light ray passing
through the focal point, F.
3) Draw the second part of the light ray
passing through the optical centre, O.
1. Object, u > 2F
 Image Optical
Formed Instrumen
t
 Real  Camera
Inverted
Diminished
2. Object, u = 2F
 Image Optical
Formed Instrumen
t
 Real  Photostate
Inverted machine
Same size
3. Object, 2F > u > F
 Image Optical
Formed Instrumen
t
 Real  Slide projector
Inverted Microscope
Enlarged
4. Object, u = F
 Image Optical
Formed Instrumen
t
 Infinity  Spotlight
4. Object, u < F
 Image Optical
Formed Instrumen
t
 Virtual  Magnifying
Upright glass
Enlarged
What can u say about the
relationship between the
types of image (real or
virtual) and the distance of
the object from the convex
lens?
 Concave Lens
Has a thin middle part with thicker
ends
Disperse/ diverge light
 Light is refracted outward away from
principal axis
 Characteristics of image: virtual,
upright, smaller than object
 Ray Diagram
(Concave lens)
 2
1

3 4
 Virtu
al
Dimin
ished

Image by
Concave
lens

Uprig
ht
 Optical terminologies
Optical terms Symbo Meaning
l
Optical centre O The point in the middle of
the lens
Principal axis - The straight line that
passes through the optical
centre
Focal point F The point on the principal
axis through which parallel
light rays will be converged
or diverged
Optical terms Symbol Meaning
Focal length f The distance between the
focal point, F and the
optical centre, O
Object u The distance between the
distance object and optical centre, O
Image v The distance between the
distance image and optical centre, O
 Let us compare!!!
Properties of Convex lens Concave lens
image
Real or virtual -Real if u > f Virtual
-Virtual if u < f

Upright or inverted -Inverted if the image Upright

is real
Upright if image is
virtual

The size of image Larger or smaller Smaller than object

compared to size of than object depend
object on the u