Water Cycle

Global Water Dis

tribution
Water Resources in a
Community
Global Water Distri
bution
 Global water distribution
• The distribution of water on the Earth’s surfac
e is extremely uneven.
• 3% of water on the surface is fresh;
• 97% resides in the ocean.
• Of freshwater:
• 69% resides in glaciers,
• 30% underground,
• and less than 1% is located in lakes, river
s, and swamps.

Note: Looked at another way, only 1% of the

water on the Earth’s surface is usable by hu
mans, and 99% of the usable quantity is situ
ated underground.
 How is Water Distributed on eart
h?
• 97% of the world's water supply is ocean
(salt water)
• 2% of the world's water supply is frozen on
icecaps And glaciers.
• 0.5% of the world's water supply is Non- c
onsumable water on land.
• 0.5% of the world's water supply is Freshw
ater Available for consumption.
 Here are 5 of the world's largest
oceans
• 1.Pacific ocean- Is the largest ocean. It is larg
er than all the lands put together And it contain
s 48% of the World's seawater.
• 2. Atlantic Ocean- Is the 2nd largest ocean a
nd contain 23% of the world's seawater. Most t
raveled ocean routes and is believed to be a g
rowing ocean as its sea floor is spreading.
• 3. Indian Ocean- The warmest ocean.
The monsoons occurs here and it contai
ns 40% of the Wolrd's oil production.
• 4. Arctic Ocean- the smallest ocean in t
he world. Located near North Pole and
covered by drifting ice.
• 5. Southern Ocean- a new ocean reco
gnized in 2000 It contains Iceberg and d
eep continental shelves, located At the
60 degrees S latitude Near the South P
ole.
 What is Transpiration?
• This is the discharge of water vapor from the l
eaves of plants into the atmosphere. It is a pro
cess that the eye cannot see, even though the
amounts of moisture involved it significant.

Example : It is believed that a large oak tree can

transpire 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters) per yea
r.
• Transpiration is also the reason why t
here is higher humidity in places with
lots of vegetation cover.
• Humidity- Humidity is the concentration of
water vapour present in air. Water vapour,
the gaseous state of water, is generally inv
isible to the human eye.
 What is Condensation?

• Condensation is the change of water f

rom its gaseous form (water vapor) int
o liquid water. Condensation generally
occurs in the atmosphere when warm
air rises, cools and looses its capacity
to hold water vapor. As a result, exces
s water vapor condenses to form clou
d droplets.
 World's Freshwater

• Ground water- Water that c

ollects between bits of rock
and soil. Ground water may
reach the Earth's surface Th
rough wells, springs, and ge
ysers.
Distribution of Fres
h Water Resources
 Water distribution system

• A water distribution system is the phys

ical works that deliver water from the
water source to the intended end point
or user. ... Typically, this is achieved b
y way of pumps and motors, water ma
ins, service pipes, storage tanks or res
ervoirs, and related equipment, in a cl
osed system under pressure.
Water Distribution i
n the Philippines
• The Philippines' main sources of water are rivers, lake
s, river basins, and groundwater reservoirs.
• The longest and largest river, Cagayan River, dischar
ges approximately 53, 943 million cubic meters of wat
er annually. Its groundwater reserves are 47, 895 milli
on cubic meters replenished by rainfall and seepage fr
om rivers and lakes.
• The lakes are utilized mainly for fish cultivation. The fo
ur major groundwater reservoirs are in Cagayan, Centr
al Luzon, Agusan, and Cotabato. There are 438 major
dams and 423 smaller dams. Dams and reservoirs are
mainly used for: water storage, water supply, irrigation,
regulation of flood, and hydropower.
• The Manila metropolitan area water is mostly s
upplied by the Angat Dam, Ipo Dam, and La M
esa Dam (also known as Angat-Ipo-La Mesa w
ater system). Some of the well known and large
r dams in rural areas are:
• Ambuklao Dam, developed for flood control, irr
igation, and hydroelectric power source of Bagu
io.
• Magat Dam, a major source of irrigation w
ater and hydroelectric power in Isabela.
 Levels of water systems in the Philippines
• Level I Stand-alone water points (e.g. handpumps,
shallow wells, rainwater collectors) serving an averag
e of 15 households within a 250-meter distance
• Level II Piped water with a communal water point (e.
g. borewell, spring system) serving an average of 4-6
households within a 25-meter distance
• Level III Piped water supply with a private water point
(e.g. house connection) based on a daily water dema
nd of more than 100 liters per person.
Water Resourc
es in the Com
munity
Mountain Province Sample Agri
cultural Water Resources
Potable Water Resources
ESTIMATING AND FOR
ECASTING DOMESTIC
WATER DEMAND AND S
UPPLY IN BONTOC
By: Emily Ann B. M
arrero
Average domestic
water Consumption

Drinking 2%
of a household

La
member is 90.09

un
liters per day with

ryd
a standard

8%
deviation of
32.03 on
activities:
Cooking I6%
Hygiene 44%

Sa
nit
ary
S erv
ice
s3
0%