{SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Fixed Beams:
A fixed or a build in beam has both of its ends rigidly fixed so that the slope at
the ends remains zero. Such a beam is also called as the encastre beam.
The fixed ends give rise to fixing moments there in addition to the reactions.
If perfect end fixing can be achieved, build in beams carry smaller maximum
bending moments and have smaller deflections that the corresponding simply
supported beams with the same loads applied. Therefore they are stronger
and stiffer. However the need for high accuracy in aligning the supports and
fixing the ends during erection increases the cost. Small subsidence of either
support or temperature changes can set up large stresses. The end fixings are
also normally sensitive to vibrations and fluctuations in bending moments.

Macaulay's Method:
Fixed beam with isolated load not at the mid span:
Consider a fixed beam as shown in the figure. Let MA and MB be the
moments due to fixed ends.

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 1
 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 2
 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Fixed beam carrying uniformly distributed load:

Consider a fixed beam carrying a uniformly distributed load of intensity w
per unit length over the whole span as shown in the figure. Due to
the
symmetry in loading,
RA = RB = wl/2

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 3
 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Fixed beam subjected to a couple at any point:

Consider a fixed beam subjected to the couple Mo at a distance ‘a’ from
the left end support. Taking the section at the distance x from A as
shown in figure.

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 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Moment Area Method For Fixed Beams

For a beam of uniform section, the changes in slope is given by θ= , where
A is the area of the bending moment diagram. In the case of the fixed beam
θ=0 for the whole span and since the product EI is not zero, it follows that A,
the resultant area of the bending moment diagram for the beam must be zero.
Figure shows the bending moment diagram for a fixed and the free beam.

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 5
 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

According to the Mohr’s Theorem

EI(θA – θB) =

Where =
A1A=1 + A2 of the free bending moment diagram
area
A2 = area of the fixed bending moment diagram

Also, EI (yB - yA) =

Where are the distances of C.G. of area A1 and A2 from A. For

a fixed Beam

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 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Fixed Beam with Central Point Load.

Consider a fixed beam carrying a central concentrated load W as shown in
Fig. The fixing moment and free moment diagrams are shown in Fig. (b) and
(c) respectively Whereas Fig. (d) is the resultant B.M. diagram.

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 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

The shear force diagram is shown in the figure (e).

Fixed Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load:

For the fixed beam carrying uniformly distributed load as shown in Fig., due to
symmetrical loading.
MA = MB
A 1 = - MA x l

A2 = x L =

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 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

The Shear Force Diagram is shown in Figure (e).

Fixed beam with eccentric point load:

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 9
 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 10
 {SOM- I} [Unit – VIII] Fixed Beams BHCET

Prepared by: Mohammad Amir, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BHCET. Page 11