DEMONSTRATION FILE

PHYSICS
CLASS: XII
(2010-2011)
By – Amitesh Rai
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I here submit my demonstration file of physics
that include two demonstration practicals .I
attended these demonstrations,performed by
our physics teacher,and recorded these
observations in her presence.I am thankful to
her for these helpful demonstration sesions.

Submitted To , Submited by
Mrs. Anita Yadav
 DEMONSTRATION 1
• AIM : To demonstrate glowing of an
LED without directly connecting to a
source of potential diffrence.
• Apparatus : Two PVC tubes of different
diameter, copper wires,LED,iron
rod,solder material,3v step down
tranformer input 220v ac,output 3v ac.
 Theory
• The phenomenon of production of emf when magnetic
flux linked with coil changes is called
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION. Fraday gave two
laws of electromgnetic induction :
• (1) whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with
a circuit changesan emf s induced in the circuit.The
induced emf lasts as long as change in magnetic flux
continues.
• (2) The magnitude of emf induced in the circuit is
directly propotional to the rate of change of
magnetic flux linked with the circuit.
 PROCEDURE
• Keeping about 5cm length extra wind copper wire around the wider tube
keeping the direction same make about 500turns. Ensure that last turn
finishes at the top.Keep the other end 5cm free and cut the wire.
• Use scotch tape and paste a layer of it over the length of coil to keep
the turns in their position.
• Fix a bulb holder on the top of the tube and solder the ends of coil with
two terminals of bulb holder.
• Use other tube of small diameter and wind 500 turns keeping the
direction of winding same with 5cm wire free at both the ends.
• Fix the turns with scotch tube.
• Clean free ends of the coil with sand paper and connect the terminalsof
secondary 3v ac of step down transformer.
• Introduced iron rod as a core inside the tube T2.
• Place the anular tube T1 overT2.
• Switch on the ac current through the coil T2 connected to 3v ac output
of transformer.
• if the tube is lifted up LED starts glowing.
 CONCLUSION

Electric current is generated by

variation of magnetic flux inside the
coil.
 DEMONSTRATION 2
• AIM : To demonstrate that concave mirror is conversing mirror
and convex lens is conversing lens .
• Apparatus : convex lens, concave lens , lens holder,paper.
• Theory : Spherical mirror is a part of hollow sphere whose one
side is reflecting and other side is opaque.
• Concave mirror : It’s a mirror whose reflecting surface is
towards the centre of sphere of which mirror is a part.
• Lens : It is a portion of transparent refracting medium bound by
two spherical surfaces or one spherical and one plane surface.
• Convex lens : It is thicker from the middle and thin from the
edges.
• Principal focus : The rays after refraction through the lens
converges or diverges from a point on principal axis. This point is
called principal focus.
 PROCEDURE

.Hold the convex lens in your hand with the help of lens
holder.
.Place it in front of sun and allow the parallel rays to incident
on it.
.Now focus the light of sun on sheet of paper to obtain bright
image of sun.
.Hold the lens in same position for a while.
.After sometime the paper begins to burn producing smoke.

CONCLUSION 1:Parallel rays from sun will be converged by

the lens at sharp bright point on the paper.
 FOR CONCAVE MIRROR

•.Hold the concave mirror in your hand with the hlp of lens holder and
move its reflecting surface towards the sun.

•Now direct the rays of light reflected by mirror on a shet of aper

held close to the mirror.

•Move the mirror back and forthuntil we find the bright and sharp
spot of light on paper.

•Hold the mirror and paper in same position for a while.

•.After sometime paper starts burning producing smoke.

.
 CONCLUSION

parallel rays of light coming from sun are

converged by concave mirror as bright and
sharp spot on sheet of paper.
 REFERENCES
• Our respected physics teacher Mrs.
Anita
• NCERT PHYSICS
• http://www.wikipedia.org
• Comprehensive practical physics
• http://www.google.co.in