SUBJUNCTIVE

HARAPAN ATAU SESUATU

YANG DIINGINKAN
UNGKAPANNYA MEMAKAI:
WISH (BERHARAP)
IF ONLY (SEANDAINYA)
WOULD RATHER (LEBIH SUKA)
AS IF/AS THOUGH (SEOLAH-
OLAH/SEAKAN-AKAN)
PRESENTPASTPERFECT
V1(-S/-ES) V2 HAD V3

IS/AM/ARE WAS/WERE HAD BEEN

CAN COULD COULD HAVE V3

WILL WOULD WOULD HAVE V3
MAY MIGHT MIGHT HAVE V3
MUST HAD TO MUST HAVE V3
 ADA PERUBAHAN
TENSE:
KENYATAAN SUBJUNCTIVE
* NEGATIVE * POSITIVE
* POSITIVE * NEGATIVE
* PRESENT * PAST
* PAST * P.PERFECT
 I AM HERE MENJADI:

SHE WISHES I WERE NOT HERE

ATAU
IF ONLY I WERE NOT HERE
ATAU
SHE’D RATHER I WERE NOT HERE
KETERANGAN: KENYATAAN MEMAKAI “AM”
(PRESENT & POSITIVE) MAKA BERUBAH MENJADI
“WERE NOT” (PAST & NEGATIVE)
 I DON’T HAVE MONEY
MENJADI:
JONO WISHES I HAD MONEY
ATAU
IF ONLY I HAD MONEY
ATAU
JONO WOULD RATHER I HAD MONEY

DON’T HAVE CIRI-CIRI PRESENT NEGATIVE MAKA

DLM SUBJUNCTIVE BERUBAH MENJADI HAD (PAST
POSITIVE)
 SHE DOESN’T KNOW THE ANSWER BUT SHE
ACTS AS IF SHE KNEW THE ANSWER

KENYATAANNYA DIA TDK TAHU JAWABAN ( SHE

DOESN’T KNOW) BENTUK PRESENT NEGATIVE,
MAKA SUBJENCTIVE-NYA SEOLAH-OLAH DIA
TAHU (AS IF SHE KNEW) BENTUK PAST POSITIVE
 BAGAIMANA
MENGERJAKAN SOAL
YANG SUDAH ADA KATA-
KATA PENANDA
SUBJUNCTIVE (WISH/IF
ONLY/WOULD RATHER/AS
IF/AS THOUGH)?
WISH/IF ONLY/WOULD
RATHER

LIHAT SAJA
KETERANGAN
WAKTUNYA
 KALAU KETR. WAKTUNYA PRESENT:
NOW, AT THE MOMENT, TODAY,
TOMORROW, EVERY…, NEXT….., PRESENT
CLAUSE (ANAK KALIMAT BERBENTUK
PRESENT)

JAWABNYA
PAST
 KALAU KETR. WAKTUNYA PAST:
YESTERDAY, ……AGO, LAST………, PAST
CLAUSE (ANAK KALIMAT BERBENTUK
PAST)

JAWABNYA
PAST PERFECT
 KALAU TIDAK ADA KETR.
WAKTUNYA DIANGGAP PRESENT
JADI JAWABNYA PAST

KECUALI KATA WISH-NYA

BENTUKNYA PAST (WISHED) MAKA
JAWABNYA PAST PERFECT
UNTUK AS IF/AS THOUGH

MELIHAT KATA KERJA UTAMA

SEBELUM AS IF/AS THOUGH:
KALAU PRESENT JAWABNYA
PAST, KALAU PAST
JAWABNYA PAST PERFECT
I WISH SHE …………HERE NOW

A. IS
B. WAS
C. WERE
D. HAD BEEN
E. WILL BE
Smart Solution 1
…… wish
…… if only now
…… as if at present
…… as though S + V2 + Object + at this moment
…… would were today
…… rather

Example :

We wish the headmaster were at school today

Subject tobe O C
Smart Solution 2

…… wish
…… if only had + V3 yesterday
…… as if S + …………. + Object + last …
…… as though had been ….. ago
…… would rather

Example :

I wish I had known her address yesterday

S tobe O C
Fakta
Smart Solution 1

Tipe Bentuk Makna

Present Were Is, am, are + not
Subjunctive Were + not Is, am, are
V2 Do,does + not + V1
Did + not + V1 V1/s, es
Could + V1 Cannot + V1
Bertentangan dengan
fakta present
Example :
Fakta
Smart Solution 2

Tipe Bentuk Makna

Past Had + been Was, were + not
Subjunctive Had + not + been Was, were
Had + V3 Did + not + V1
Had+ not + V3 V2
Could+ have + V3 Could + not + V1
Bertentangan
dengan fakta past