Pertemuan: SKS : 2

8 NASKAH SOAL Kode :

Hari/ Tanggal: FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR Waktu : 100’
…………………….

Name : Kartrin Oktavia K. Sihombing

NIM : 2213321009
Class : English Education 2021 D

Questions:

1. Explain the metafunctions of language in Systemic Functional Grammar. (200 words)

2. The process is the core in transitivity. Explain the statement by giving example. (300 words)
3. Analyze the following text into clauses. Then analyze the text with reference to their
process, participant, and circumstance types by using appropriate labels.
A Host of Flowers by the Window
The room was large and furniture was placed in the middle. As I was walking into
another room, where she was lying, I saw a host of flowers by the window. Then the flowers
reminded me of the flower garden where we usually sat. Once we went there. She kissed me
and said, “Darling, are you worried?”, and after a pause of hesitation continued, “Dear, there is
nothing to worry.” She smiled and I said, “Let me pick a red rose for you”. Now, there is no
more smile on the stiff lips and the flower has gone. It is just a memory a nd I will never see her
again.
4. Explain the speech functions in the interpersonal metafunction. (200 words)
5. Analyze the interpersonal structure of each clause in the text in question 3 above into its
elements of Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct. Group the elements
belonging to MOOD and RESIDUE.

Answer:

1. Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) is a linguistic theory developed by Michael

Halliday, which considers language as a social semiotic system. SFG posits that language
has three metafunctions, each of which serves a distinct communicative purpose. These
metafunctions are:

• Ideational Metafunction: This metafunction is concerned with the expression of

propositional meaning, or how language is used to convey information about the
 world. The ideational metafunction comprises two subsystems: the experiential
and the logical. The experiential subsystem deals with the representation of
experience, while the logical subsystem deals with the ways in which the
elements of experience are combined to form propositions.

• Interpersonal Metafunction: This metafunction is concerned with the expression

of social relations between the speaker and the listener, and how language is used
to establish and maintain those relations. The interpersonal metafunction
comprises two subsystems: the textual and the interpersonal. The textual
subsystem deals with the organization of the message, while the interpersonal
subsystem deals with the ways in which the speaker uses language to interact with
the listener.

• Textual Metafunction: This metafunction is concerned with the expression of

coherence and cohesion within a text, and how language is used to structure the
message. The textual metafunction comprises two subsystems: the thematic and
the information. The thematic subsystem deals with the organization of the
message around a central theme, while the information subsystem deals with the
ways in which information is presented within the message.

2. In Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), transitivity refers to the way in which language
is used to represent actions, processes, or events. According to SFG, the process is the
core element in transitivity, as it is the component of the clause that expresses the action
or event that is being described. In other words, the process is the main verb in a clause.

For example, consider the following sentence: "The cat chased the mouse." In this
sentence, the process is "chased," as it expresses the action that is being performed by the
subject (the cat) on the object (the mouse). The process is central to the meaning of the
sentence, as it is what the sentence is primarily communicating.

SFG distinguishes between six types of processes: material, mental, relational, verbal,
behavioral, and existential. Material processes involve physical actions, such as running
or eating. Mental processes involve cognitive activities, such as thinking or believing.
Relational processes involve the expression of attributes or qualities, such as "the cat is
black." Verbal processes involve the use of language, such as speaking or writing.
Behavioral processes involve activities that are characteristic of living organisms, such as
breathing or sleeping. Existential processes involve the expression of existence, such as
"there is a cat in the room."

Different types of processes can have different grammatical realizations. For example, in
a material process like "the cat chased the mouse," the process is typically realized as a
 transitive verb. In a relational process like "the cat is black," the process is realized as a
copular verb (e.g., "is"). In a mental process like "I think the cat is hungry," the process is
realized as a mental verb (e.g., "think").

3. Clauses :

• The room was large and furniture was placed in the middle.
Process: Copular. Participant: The room. Circumstance: Large, furniture in the
middle.

• As I was walking into another room, where she was lying, I saw a host of flowers
by the window.
Process: Material. Participant: I, host of flowers. Circumstance: Walking into
another room, where she was lying, by the window.

• Then the flowers reminded me of the flower garden where we usually sat.
Process: Mental. Participant: Flowers, me. Circumstance: Reminded of the flower
garden where we usually sat.

• She kissed me and said, "Darling, are you worried?"

Process: Material. Participant: She. Circumstance: Kissed me.

• After a pause of hesitation, she continued, "Dear, there is nothing to worry."

Process: Mental. Participant: She. Circumstance: Hesitation, nothing to worry.

• She smiled and I said, "Let me pick a red rose for you."
Process: Material. Participant: She, I, red rose. Circumstance: Letting me pick a
red rose for her.

• Now, there is no more smile on the stiff lips and the flower has gone.
Process: Mental. Participant: There is no more smile, the flower. Circumstance:
None.

4. In Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), the interpersonal metafunction is concerned

with the expression of social relations between the speaker and the listener, and how
language is used to establish and maintain those relations. Within the interpersonal
metafunction, there are three main speech functions that speakers can use to interact with
their listeners. These speech functions are:

• Representational function: This function is used to convey information about the

world, and is often associated with declarative statements. Speakers who use the
representational function are focused on sharing factual information with their
listeners.
 • Interpersonal function: This function is used to establish and maintain social
relationships between the speaker and the listener, and is often associated with
questions and responses. Speakers who use the interpersonal function are focused
on engaging with their listeners and creating a sense of rapport.

• Textual function: This function is used to structure the message and make it more
coherent and cohesive, and is often associated with imperatives and other
commands. Speakers who use the textual function are focused on ensuring that
their message is organized and easy for the listener to follow.

5. Classification :

1. The room was large and furniture was placed in the middle.

• Subject: The room

• Finite: was

• Predicator: large and furniture was placed in the middle

• Complement: none

• Adjunct: none

• MOOD: Declarative

• RESIDUE: none

2. As I was walking into another room, where she was lying, I saw a host of flowers by
the window.

• Subject: I

• Finite: saw

• Predicator: a host of flowers by the window

• Complement: none

• Adjunct: As I was walking into another room, where she was lying

• MOOD: Declarative

• RESIDUE: none

3. Then the flowers reminded me of the flower garden where we usually sat.
 • Subject: the flowers

• Finite: reminded

• Predicator: me of the flower garden where we usually sat

• Complement: none

• Adjunct: Then

• MOOD: Declarative

• RESIDUE: none

4. She kissed me and said, “Darling, are you worried?”, and after a pause of hesitation
continued, “Dear, there is nothing to worry.”

• Subject: She

• Finite: kissed, said, continued

• Predicator: me, “Darling, are you worried?”, “Dear, there is nothing to

worry.”

• Complement: none

• Adjunct: after a pause of hesitation

• MOOD: Interrogative (in the first sentence)

• RESIDUE: none in the first sentence, but "nothing to worry" can be seen as
residue in the second sentence.

5. She smiled and I said, “Let me pick a red rose for you”.

• Subject: She, I

• Finite: smiled, said

• Predicator: none, “Let me pick a red rose for you”

• Complement: none

• Adjunct: none

• MOOD: Declarative
 • RESIDUE: none

6. Now, there is no more smile on the stiff lips and the flower has gone. It is just a
memory and I will never see her again.

• Subject: there, It

• Finite: is, has gone, will see

• Predicator: no more smile on the stiff lips, just a memory, her again

• Complement: none

• Adjunct: Now

• MOOD: Declarative

• RESIDUE: none