Important

Remember + ing: recordar un recuerdo de tu memoria

Remember + to + infinitive: recordar algo que tienes que hacer

Forget +gerund: olvidar algo que tenias en la memoria

Forget + to + infinitive: cuando te olvidas de lo que tenías que hacer

Try + gerund: algo que no te cueste esfuerzo

Try + to + infinitive: no lo va a lograr no tuve éxito (pasado) está

intentando algo y puede que lo consiga (presente y futuro).

Stop + gerund: deje de hacer la actividad del gerundio

Stop + to + infinitive: pare de hacer lo que estaba haciendo antes para

hacer otra cosa

Regret + gerund: cuando te arrepiente de algo y desearías no haberlo

hecho

Regret + to + infinitive: lamentablemente

PASSIVE
Active Passive page 68 presentation
Be + past participle
The teacher corrects exam.
 Exams are corrected by the teacher in May.
The tourists took pictures around Paris.
 Pictures were taken by the tourists around Paris.
Sally has broken the window
 The window have been broken by Sally
Andrea is discovering the museum now
Important

 The museum is being discovered by Andrea now

My dad will lose the case in court

 The case will be lost by my dad in court

Impersonal passive
It + be + past participle
People believe the president is unfair

 It is believe that the president is unfair

2 impersonal passive

Present : to + infinitive

Past simple: To + have + v3

Present con: To +be+ ing

Past cont: To have been+ ing

People believe the president is unfair

It’s believe that the president is unfair
The president is believe to be unfair
Everyone has reported the professor stole the money

 It has been reported that the professor stole the money

 The professor have been reported to have stolen the money
People said the witness was lying

 It was said that the witness was lying.

 The witness was said to have been lying.
They think climate change is a serious issue
Important

 It is thought climate change is a serious issue

 Climate change is thought to be a serious issue
Experts know the experiment failed

 It is known that the experiment failed

 The experiment is known to was failed

Journalist reported that the prime minister was having personal

problems

 It was reported the prime minister was having personal

problems
 The prime minister was reported to have been having
personal problems.

FUTURE
Future
Future continuous: will be + ing (estaré haciendo … ) continuaré
haciendolo
Future perfect: will have + past participle ( habré hecho …. )
finalizado

MODALS VERBS
Modal verbs of deduction
Must: 100%
Can’t/couldn’t: 100% estoy segura de que no
May/might/could: 30% 50%
Important

SITUATION
Present: M.V+ BARE INFINITIVE
PRESENT CONTINUOS: MV+BE+ING
PAST simple: MV +HAVE+ V3
PAST CONTINUOS: MV + HAVE BEEN+
ING

IT’S POSSIBLE I LOST MY EARRING ON THE BUS

I MAY HAVE LOST MY EARRING ON THE BUS
I’m certain she went to bed early; her lights were off at 10

 She must have gone to bed early

Jordan didn’t have homework so perhaps he is playing football
now

 Jordan might be playing football now

I’m sure she isn’t driving now, her car broke down morning

 She couldn’t be driving now, …

Molly can’t have stolen the jewels…
Important

TOO/ENOUGH/SO/SUCH

MODALS VERBS PAST

Present simple: M.V + bare inf
Present cont: M.V + be+ing verb
(might +be + going)
Past simple: M.V + have + past participle
(Must+ have+ seen)

Past continuous: M.V+ HAVE + BEEN + ING VERB

SHOULD+ HAVE + BEEN+ DANCING

Reported speech
Basic tense changes
Will – would
Present – past simple
Can – could
Present continuous – past continuous
May – might
Past simple – past perfect
Must – had to
Present – past perfect
To infinitive – not to +
infinitive
Important

Other changes
Now – then/ at that momet
Today – that day
Yesterday – the previous day
Last month, week – the previous month
Ago – before
Tomorrow – the next / following day
Next week – the next / following week
This – that
These – those
Here – there
Reported speech- imperatives
“give me the money” He told me to give him the
money
“don’t answer the door while He asked me not to answer the
I’m away) door while he was away

Reported speech – questions

Question word “When did Question word He asked me
they arrive?” +subject+ verb when they had
arrived
Yes/no “did they If/whether He asked me if
question call?” they had called

* how much / how many – object

Conditionals
Important

0º if + present simple + present simple

- Facts
- -it always happens
1º if + present simple + will + infinitive
- Probable situations
2º if + past simple + would + infinitive
- not probable situations
- unreal situations
- advice

3º if + past perfect + would + past participle

- regrets
- past situations
Mixed 1 conditional If + PAST CONDITION (past perfect) +
present conditional (modal PRESENTE )
Mixed 2 conditional If + present conditional (PAST SIMPLE) +
PERFECT CONDITIONAL ( MODAL EN EL PASADO)
 Past simple: M.V + have + past participle

(Must+ have+ seen)

IT’S TIME TO S.ONE

Important

It’s time + suj + past simple

 To refer to the present moment
 We mean that the action should have been done before .

WISH/IF ONLY

 Present situation SUJ Wish /if only SUJ + past simple

(ojalá)
 Past situation (regret) SUJ + wish/if only + SUJ + past
perfect (had+p.p)

Rather

 Suj + would + rather: preferiría

 Suj + would+ rather cuando voy a llevarlo yo se usa el
presente
 suj + would + rather + subj+ pasado simple pero si afecta a
otra persona se usa el subjuntivo