NUTRITION IN PRESCHOOL AGE

AND SCHOOL AGE

 - The period of growth and development
and vigorous activities
FACTS ABOUT EARLY AND MIDDLE CHILHOOD
1.Children’s appetite decline markedly
during the 1st year.
2. Long term hunger impair growth,
health and behavior.
4. Iron deficiency is widespread and has many
physical and behavioural consequences.
5. Lead toxicity is prevalent among young
children and can have irreversible effects
on health and behaviour.
6. True allergies are somewhat rare in children
and they may somehow outgrow of it.
7. ADHD – Attention deficit and hyperactively
disorder
- misbehaviour may reflect inconsistent
care.
 FOR KIDS MYPYRAMID
EAT RIGHT , EXERCISE , HAVE FUN
GRAINS VEGETABLES FRUITS MILK MEAT &
BEANS
“MAKE HALF “ VARY YOUR “FOCUS ON “GET Your “GO LEAN
YOUR GRAINS VEGGIES” FRUITS” CALCIUM WITH
WHOLE” RICH FOODS” PROTEIN”

- START SMART - COLOR YOUR FRUITS ARE MOVE TO THE EAT LEAN OR
WITH PLATE WITH ALL NATURE MILK GROUP LOW FAT MEAT,
BREAKFAST KINDS OF GREAT TREATS , TO GET YOU Ca. CHICKEN ,
- COOK FOR TASTING SWEET AND Ca BUILDS TURKEY AND
WHOLE GRAIN VEGGIES DELICIOUS ! STRONG FISH. ASK FOR IT
CEREALS BONES. BAKED ,
BROILED OR
GRILLED NOT
FRIED.
JUST BECAUSE WHAT’S GO EASY ON LOOK AT THE IT’S NUTTY
BREAD IS GREEN & JUICE AND CARTOON OR BUT TRUE !
BROWN ORANGE & MAKE SURE CONTAINER NUTS , SEEDS ,
TASTES IT’S 100% TO MAKE PEAS AND
DOESN’T GOOD? SURE YOUR BEANS ARE
MEAN IT’S MILK, YOGURT ALL GREAT
WHOLE GRAIN VEGGIES!! ! OR CHEESE IS SOURCES OF
LOW FAT OR CHON TOO !
FAT FREE !

SEARCH FOR GO DARK

THE ING. LIST GREEN WITH
TO MAKE SURE BROCOLLI &
SPINACH OR
THE 1ST WORD TRY ORANGE
IS “WHOLE” LIKE
LIKE WHOLE CARROTS AND
WHEAT. SWEET
POTATOES.
NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES
1. ENERGY
- depends on BM , growth and activity
- must be sufficient to ensure growth and
spare CHON from being used as energy
2. CHON
1.5 – 2 grams/KDBW
- for increase in skeletal and muscle tissues
- protection against infection
3. FATS AND SUGAR - KNOW THE LIMITS
- not a food group , but children need some
for good health
- get oils from fish, nuts and liquid such as
corn oil , soybeans and canola oil.
- limit solid fats as well as foods that contain
them
- get fats fact and sugar smarts from the
nutrition facts and food labels
- choose foods and beverages low in added
sugar and other kcalorie sweeteners.
4. VITAMINS
A – essential for growth , vision , healthy skin
mucous membrane
C – infection and hasten wound healing
B1 – to stimulate appetite
D – for Ca absorption in the bones and teeth
5. MINERALS
Fe – formation of Hgb
Zn – for growth and development
Ca – optimum mineralization of bones
- prevents osteoporosis in later years
NOTE :
FIND BALANCE BETWEEN FOOD AND FUN
- move more ,play, aim for at least 60 minutes
per day or most days.

COMMON NUTRITION PROBLEMS

1. PEM 1-3 years old are vulnerable
2. IDA – Iron Deficiency Anemia
- low in Hgb , low hematocrit
- prevalence – 3mos. To 3 years of age
SS:
1.paleness of the eyes , fingernails, lips ,
palms and skin.
2. shortness of breath
3. easy fatigability
4. reduce ability to learn
5. irritability
EFFECTS
1. Poor in vocabulary , reading ,
mathematics , problem solving and
psychological test
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
1. Iron rich foods taken with vit. C rich foods
2. Foods rich in iron
- meats , liver , egg yolk
- dark green leafy vegetables and enriched
cereals
3. VAD – Vitamin A deficiency
SS :
1. Nyctalopia or night blindness
2. Xerophthalmia – dryness of the eyes
 3. rough dry skin , membranes of nose
and throat
4. susceptibility to infection

DIETARY MANAGEMENT
1. meat , liver , eggyolk
2. deep yellow fruits vegetables
3. dark green leafy vegetables
4. IDD – Iodine Deficiency Disorder
SS:
1. Goiter-enlargement of the thyroid gland in
the front or the sides of the neck
2. Hot cold intolerance
3. Mental retardation
4. deaf-mute
5.difficulty in standing or walking normally,
stunting of the limbs
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
1. HICHON , LOW FAT DIET
2. Richest food Sources
seaweeds , seashells
iodized salt

5. OBESITY
Causes :
1. Genetic / family
2. metabolic hormonal abnormality
3. environmental influences
# too much fats and sweets
# television
COMPLICATION IN CHILDREN
1. Hyperinsulinemia
2. Hypertriglycerides
3. Low HDL cholesterol
4. Dental Caries

DIETARY MANAGEMENT
1. fats and sweets restricted
2. complex CHO
3. do not allow children to sleep with bottle
containing juices , milk or other sugar
juices.
4. use of fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash

FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD INTAKE

1. family 4. societal
2. peers 5. media
3. school
VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION WILL GIVEN TO :
1. children from deprived families
2. children w/ poor appetites and poor
eating habits
3. children consuming vegetarian diets
w/o dairy products
4. pregnant adolescents
 IMPORTANT ROLE OF NUTRITION TO
PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL CHILDREN
1. Furnishing energy needed for the vigorous
activity of this age
2. Helping to maintain resistance to infection
3. Providing building materials for growth
4. Providing adequate nutrient stores to
assist in adolescent stage.