Congenital Defect

Gastroschisis
• Gastroschisis is a birth defect of the abdominal (belly) wall. The baby’s intestines
are found outside of the baby’s body, exiting through a hole beside the belly
button. The hole can be small or large and sometimes other organs, such as the
stomach and liver, can also be found outside of the baby’s body.
Diaphragmatic hernia
•  A diaphragmatic hernia means there is an abnormal hole in the diaphragm and
the abdominal organs develop inside the ribcage. The lack of space within the
chest cavity and the structural defects of the diaphragm mean that breathing may
be difficult. The crowded lung may also have failed to develop properly. At birth,
the baby looks blue (cyanotic) because of the lack of oxygen, and may breathe
erratically or not at all.
Esophageal atresia
• Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare birth defect in which a baby is born without part
of the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach). Instead of
forming a tube between the mouth and the stomach, the esophagus grows in
two separate segments that do not connect. In some children, so much of the
esophagus is missing that the ends can't be easily connected with surgery. This is
known as long-gap Esophageal Atresia
Pancreas Divisum
• congenital anomaly in the anatomy of the ducts of the pancreas in which a
single pancreatic ducts is not formed, but rather remains as two distinct dorsal
and ventral ducts
Pancreas Agenesis 
• Is a congenital malformation of the pancreas in which either the entire dorsal
pancreas or part of the dorsal pancreas fails to develop (complete agenesis
or partial agenesis, respectively).
Stenosis Duodenum
• Absence or complete closure (atresia) of a portion of the channel (lumen)
within the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), or partial obstruction
due to narrowing (stenosis) of the duodenum, is present.
Hypertrophic Pyloric
• a functional gastric outlet obstruction as a result of hypertrophy and
hyperplasia of the muscular layers of the pylorus.
Imperforate Anus
• Is a defect that is present from birth (congenital). The opening to the anus is
missing or blocked. The anus is the opening to the rectum through which stools
leave the body.
Biliary Atresia
• Biliary Atresia is characterized by obliteration or discontinuity of the
extrahepatic biliary system, resulting in obstruction to bile flow