WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION

Presented by
Sayeed Ahmad Siddiquee Rafee & Md Sumon
2nd year 1st semester
Department of Civil Engineering
Bangladesh Army University of Engineering Technolgy
 WHAT IS CHANNEL?
IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, A CHANNEL IS A TYPE
OF LANDFORM CONSISTING OF THE OUTLINE OF
A PATH OF RELATIVELY SHALLOW AND NARROW
BODY OF FLUID, MOST COMMONLY THE CONFINE
OF A RIVER, RIVER DELTA OR STRAIT. CHANNEL
INITIATION REFERS TO THE SITE ON A MOUNTAIN
SLOPE WHERE WATER BEGINS TO FLOW
BETWEEN IDENTIFIABLE BANKS.
CHANNEL PATTERN !
CHANNEL PATTERN
 TYPES OF CHANNEL PATTERN

There are three basic types of Channel pattern

 Straight
 Braided
 Meandering

There is a fourth Anabranching channel pattern has been added

in recent year.
THREE BASIC TYPES OF CHANNEL
PATTERN
 BRAIDED

• A braided river, or Braided channel, consists of a network of

river channels separated by small, often temporary, islands called
braid bars or, in British usage, aits or eyots.  Mainly in the middle zone •
Flows upon coarse alluvial material• Several roughly parallel channels
intersecting at points • Whole channel system is straight but channels
wander from side to side within the flood plain• Major deposition occurs after
discharge decreases• Lateral erosion occurs between floods• Main landforms
are multiple channels separate.
• Braided >> Temporary Alluvial Island
THE WAIMAKARIRI RIVER IN THE SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND IS
BRAIDED OVER MOST OF ITS COURSE
 MEANDERING

• Meander, extreme U-bend in the course of a stream, usually occurring in a

series. Meanders, named from the Menderes (historically known as the
Maeander) River in Turkey . Found mainly in the lower zone• Channel flows
upon fine alluvial material • Channel wander in a regular pattern from side
within the flood• Lateral erosion and deposition moves channels across the
flood plain as meanders• River meanders themselves move downstream•
Suspensions are main method of transport• Main landforms: levees, ox-bow
lakes, point bars, slip-off slope, bluffs
• Meandering >> Sinuosity Index > 1.5
MEANDERS OF THE RIO CAUTO AT GUAMO EMBARCADERO,
CUBA
 STRAIGHT

• Natural channels characteristically exhibit alternating pools or deep reaches

and riffles or shallow reaches, regardless of the type of pattern.
• Mainly in the upper zone • Channel located upon rock • Single channel with
pools and riffles • Thalweg moves from side to side • Vertical erosion
(incision) predominant • Saltation and traction main method of transport •
Main landforms: V-shaped valley, waterfalls, gorges
• Straight >> Sinuosity Index < 1.05
SÃO JOÃO RIVER. RIO DE JANEIRO STATE,
BRAZIL
 ANABRANCHING

• An anabranch is a section of a river or stream that diverts from the

main channel or stem of the watercourse and rejoins the main stem
downstream. Local anabranches can be the result of small islands in the
watercourse. In larger anabranches, the flow can diverge for a distance of
several kilometers before rejoining the main channel.
• Anabrabching >> Permanent Alluvial Islands
 ANABRANCHES AT THE JUNCTION OF THE 
YUKON RIVER AND THE KOYUKUK RIVER IN ALASKA,
AUGUST 24, 1941.
THANK YOU !