Properties of Pig Iron

 Brittle
 Difficult to bend
 Non-ductile, non-Malleable, non-magnetized, non-welded,
non-riveted, non-rusted
 High Compressive Strength, but Weak in Tension

Uses: Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Mild steel, etc.

Cast Iron
Pig Iron melted with lime stone and coke
and moulded into desired shapes and
sizes to get purer products is know as
cast iron.
Carbon Contents in cast iron ranges
from 2.0% to 4.5%
Properties of Cast Iron
 Brittle
 Difficult to bend
 Non-ductile, non-Malleable, non-magnetized, non-welded, non-
riveted, non-rusted
 High Compressive Strength, but Weak in Tension
 Can’t with stand shocks

Uses
 Rain water pipe, guttering, railings, man hole covers,
Wrought Iron

 Nearly all the carbon and other

elements in pig irons are oxidized and
may be left with 0.05% of carbon to
obtained wrought iron.
 It is the purest form of iron.
 Total impurities does not exceeds 0.5%
Properties of Wrought
Iron
 Fibrous, and silky luster
 Ductile and Malleable
 Magnetized,
 It can be welded and riveted, non-rusted
 Equally strong in Compression, Tension and shear strength
 Can with stand shocks

Uses: Roof sheets, corrugated sheets,

water pipes, gates, railing, windows.
Steel
 Steel is a kind of iron, without free graphite
 Diff erenec between C.I and steel is in the
amount of carbon
 {upto 1.5%, all carbon get in chemical combination with iron
and none exist free. If it increases beyond 1.5%, it does not
combine and present as free graphite}
 Steel has following types
 Mild steel (Carbon content = 0.15 to 0.3%)
 Dead mild steel (Carbon content < 0.15 %)
 Medium carbon mild steel (Carbon content = 0.3 to 0.8%)
 High carbon mild steel (Carbon content = 0.8 to 1.5%)
Mild Steel
Steel where in carbon contents are in the range of
0.15 to 0.3% is called mild steel, low carbon steel, or
soft steel.
Properties of M.S
 Fibrous with dark bluish colour
 Ductile and Malleable
 Magnetized,
 It can be welded and riveted,
 Equally strong in Compression, Tension and shear strength
 Can with stand shocks
 Corroded quickly

Uses: Section Steel (I,T,C), round bars, rail tracks,

Alloys of Steel

 An alloy is prepared to increase the strength,

hardness, toughness, resistance to corrosion,
thermal and electrical conductivities.
 Besides carbon, others elements that imparts
distinctive characteristics to steel are added
to iron
 An Alloy steel is named after the name of
element added.
Types of Ferrous Alloys

 Chromium, Nickel, vanadium, tungsten and

manganese

 Stainless Steel
 Nickel Steel
 Vanadium Steel
 Tungsten Steel
 Manganese Steel