PARKINSON’S

DISEASE

STUDENT: BARATOIU
ANA
TEACHER: DABU
 What is PARKINSON?
• Parkinson's disease is a
condition in which parts of the
brain become progressively
damaged over many years.
• The symptoms of 
Parkinson’s disease develop
gradually. They often start
with a slight tremor in one
hand and a feeling of stiffness
in the body.
• Over time, other symptoms
develop, and some people will
have dementia.
• Most of the symptoms result
from a fall in dopamine levels
in the brain.
Which are the Symptoms of
Parkinson's disease?

The 3 main symptoms of

Parkinson's disease are:
• involuntary shaking of
particular parts of the
body (tremor) 
• slow movement
• stiff and inflexible
muscles
 TREMOR
• Resting.Pill-rolling motion
• Suppressed by activity ,sleep concentration
• Intensified by stress,fatigue
• Mostly begin unilateral
 A person with Parkinson's disease can also
experience a wide range of other physical
and psychological symptoms.
depression and anxiety : loss of sense of smell 
(anosmia) :

problems sleeping (insomnia) : memory problems :

Have you ever met people with
Parkinson?
What did you notice?
 When the signs appear? Which are
the early signs?
• In most people, symptoms appear at the age of 60 years or over. However in 5–10 percent of
cases they appear earlier. When Parkinson’s disease develops before the age of 50 years, this is
called “early onset” Parkinson’s disease.
Early signs
Movement: There may be a tremor in the hands.
Coordination: A reduced sense of coordination and balance can cause people to
drop items they are holding. They may be more likely to fall.
Gait: The person’s posture may change, so that they lean forward slightly, as if they
were hurrying. They may also develop a shuffling gait.
Facial expression: This can become fixed, due to changes in the nerves that control
facial muscles.
Voice: There may be a tremor in the voice, or the person may speak more softly than
before.
Handwriting: This may become more cramped and smaller.
 Did you • Low dopamine levels: Scientists have linked low

know the or falling levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter,

with Parkinson’s disease. This happens when cells
that produce dopamine die in the brain.

causes of • Low norepinephrine levels: Norepinephrine,

another neurotransmitter, is important for

Parkinson
controlling many automatic body functions, such
as the circulation of the blood.
• Lewy bodies: A person with Parkinson’s disease
? may have clumps of protein in their brain known
as Lewy bodies. Lewy body dementia is a different
condition, but it has links with Parkinson’s
disease.
• Genetic factors: Sometimes, Parkinson’s disease
appears to run in families, but it is not always
hereditary. Researchers are trying to identify
specific genetic factors that may lead to
Parkinson’s disease, but it appears that not one
but a number of factors are responsible.
 Can that disease be
prevented?
It is not possible to prevent Parkinson’s
disease, but research has shown that some
lifelong habits may help to reduce the risk.

Turmeric: This spice contains curcumin, an 

antioxidant ingredient. It may help to prevent the
clumping of a protein involved in Parkinson’s
disease, at least one laboratory study has found.
Flavonoids: Consuming another type of
antioxidant — flavonoids — may lower the risk of
developing Parkinson’s disease, according to 
research. Flavonoids are present in berries,
apples, some vegetables, tea, and red grapes.
 How Does Physical Therapy Help Parkinson's
Disease?

• Physical therapy cannot cure 

Parkinson's disease, because at this
time, neurological damage cannot
be reversed. But therapy can help
you compensate for the changes
brought about by the condition.
These "compensatory treatments,"
as they're called, include learning
about new movement techniques,
strategies, and equipment.
Physical
therapy can
help with:
• Balance
problems
• Lack of
coordination
• Fatigue
• Pain
• Gait
• Immobility
• Weakness
What is the role of exercise in PD?
• Physical exercise is a planned,
structured and physical activity
• repetitive. It is a complement to:
• • Other physical activities
• • Medicines
• • Surgery
• • Physiotherapy
• • Occupational therapy.
Exercise programs can help you stay
active and
you carry out your daily activities.
 Often, patients complain of
difficulties in terms of
walking, mobility, posture and
balance, as PD progressing.
These symptoms can be
alleviated through
What motor symptoms
of PD can be improved exercise physical. The risk of
by exercise? falling may also decrease.
 What specific symptom exercises
can be recommended?
• • Tai chi. This exercise helps control posture. Of • Tango dancing. This activity supports
the body and brain.Dancing can help
it can also improve your control over the hub
increase coordination with a partner,to
weight, reducing the risk and number of falls.
spatial awareness and concentration
capacity.
 • Exercise on a treadmill or an
elliptical.
This can improve gait, pace, joy. Of • Cycling. It can help you improve your
it can also help you improve your speed, walking speed
length and the rhythm.
pace, balance and pacing. Adjust speed
and slope
to make this exercise more effective.
However, be
be very careful not to fall.
THANK YOU FOR
ATTENTION