BROADBAND

OVERVIEW
 WHAT IS BROADBAND?
Broadband connectivity as defined in
Broadband policy-2004 is an “always on”
data connection that is able to support
interactive services including Internet
access and has the capability of minimum
download speed of 256 kbps to an
individual subscriber from the POP of the
service provider
 ADVANTAGES OF BROADBAND
• Always on ( Not on shared media)

• Fast (speed ranging from 256 kbps to 2 Mbps)

• No disconnection

• No additional access charge

• Telephone and Data simultaneously

• Fat pipe can be continuously supplemented with value

added applications to enjoy the advantage.
 BROADBAND SERVICES
- High speed Internet service
- MPLS-VPN service
- Multicast Service
- Video On Demand
- IPTV
- Video Streaming
 BROADBAND SERVICES
- VoIP
- Audio On Demand
- Audio Streaming
- Online Gaming
- Bandwidth On Demand
 BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES

I] WIRELESS

II] WIRED
 I] WIRELESS Technologies
1.    3G (3rd Generation Mobile Communication)
2.    EVDO (Evolution Data Optimized),
3G Mobile Bradband Technology
3.    Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
4.    Wi-MAX (Wireless interoperability
Microwave Access)
I] WIRELESS Technologies
5. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal)
6. LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution
System)- It was designed for digital
television transmission.
7. MMDS (Multi-channel Multipoint
Distribution System)
8. FSO (Fibre Space Optics)- Optical
communication technology uses light
propragating to transmit data .
SL.NO. TECH FREQUENCY BAND DATA RATE DISTANCE

1 3G 2.1 GHz 3.6 mbps Cellular

2 EVDO 450MHz /800MHz/ 3.1 mbps Cellular

1900MHz

3 Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz 10-54 mbps 100 m

4 Wi- 2.3/2.5/3.5 GHz 70 mbps 50 Km

MAX
5 VSAT 4/6 GHz, 12/14 GHz 55 kbps – 11 -
mbps

6 LMDS 26 GHz, 29 GHz 500 mbps 2.4 – 8 Km

7 MMDS 2.1 GHz & 2.5 – 2.7 GHz 27 – 38 mbps 100 Km

8 FSO 750 – 1550 GHz 100 mbps – 2 – 3 Km

1.25 Gbps
II] WIRED Technologies
1. Cable Modem
2. Power Line Communication or Broadband over
Power Line (BoPL)
3. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
a. SDSL (Symmetric DSL)
b. ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)
c. ADSL2 (Asymmetric DSL 2nd Generation)
d. ADSL2+ (Asymmetric DSL 2nd Generation plus)
e. VDSL (Very-high-bit-rate DSL)
f. VDSL2 (Very-high-bit-rate DSL 2nd Generation plus)
II] WIRED Technologies
4. OFT (Optical Fibre Technologies)

a. FTTH (Fibre to The Home)

b. PON (Passive Optical Network)
c. HFC (Hybrid Fibre Coaxial)
SL.NO. TECH DATA RATE DISTANCE

1 CABLE MODEM UPTO 27 mbps  

2 PLC 5 – 80 mbps
3 DSL    

3.i SDSL T1/E1  

3.ii ADSL 12 mbps (DL) 4 Km

1.3 mbps (UL)
3.iii ADSL2 12 mbps (DL) 4 – 6 Km
3.5 mbps (UL)
3.iv ADSL2+ 24 mbps (DL) 2 –3 Km
1.3 mbps (UL)
3.v VDSL 52 mbps (DL) < 1 Km
16 mbps (UL)
3.vi VDSL2 100 mbps(DL) < 0.5 Km
26 mbps (UL)
4 OFC    

4.i FTTH 155 mbps – 2.5 120 Km

Gbps (DL)
155 mbps – 1 Gbps
4.ii PON (UL) 20 Km
4.iii HFC 2 – 30 mbps (DL)  
up to 1 mbps (UL)
 BROADBAND ACCESS NETWORK

1] BROADBAND ACCESS NETWORK

PROJECT 2.2

2] MULTIPLAY ACCESS NETWORK

 Broadband Network Elements
• DSL CPEs: At customer premises. On one end it
connects telephone cable coming from exchange
via splitter. At the other end, it connects to PC
through Ethernet / USB Port.

• DSLAM: called as DSL Access Multiplexer. It

has a built in splitter which splits voice and data.
While voice follows the normal conventional path
through exchange, data is aggregated and up
linked through Ethernet Port (Gigabit Ethernet for
480 port and Fast Ethernet for lower DSLAM)
 Broadband Network Elements

• LAN Switch: For aggregating multiple DSLAM and

providing a common uplink to the core

 BRAS: called as Broadband Remote Access Server. First

intelligent device in the whole chain. It terminates the
customer session, authenticates, allot IP addresses and
keeps track of user session for billing along with RADIUS
 SSSS: Called as Subscriber Service Selection System.
When customer logs in he will be welcomed with this
customized screen from where he can select various range
of service. This provides on demand service without
manual intervention
 Broadband Network Elements
 RADIUS: This in conjunction with BRAS
authenticates customer, upload customer profile in
the SSSS and keeps track of billing
 LDAP: It stores customer database viz username,
password and the default services that it can
subscribe to.
 Provisioning: This is the most critical
components for ensuring quick delivery of service.
It ensures end-to-end provisioning of service right
from DSL CPEs to DSLAM to Switch to BRAS to
LDAP
 IPDSLAM
- IPDSLAM terminates the traffic coming
from the subscriber lines and consolidates it
on one or more FE/GE interfaces
- It provides triple play services viz. voice,
data and video
- Although it provides triple play services,
voice bandwidth can still be separated from
the data traffic using splitters at customer
premise and c.o.
 RPR
- RPR stands for Resilient Packet Ring
- It combines the best of both worlds-
Resilience and performance of SDH rings
& traffic flexibility of Ethernet based packet
networks
- Resilience: 50 msec switchover
- Compared with traditional mesh/star
topology, the RPR ring based topology
 RPR
greatly simplifies the physical topology,
substantially reduce the fibre connections and
router ports.
- Better bandwidth efficiency
- Spatial re-use
- Statistical multiplexing
- Better protection mechanism avoid wastes of
of resources
- High quality services at low cost
 BNG
- BNG stands for Broadband Network
Gateway
- It acts as the Gateway of the broadband
traffic towards the MPLS core
- It is equivalent to BRAS
- It guarantees the QoS
- It authenticates subscriber
- Allots IP address
- policy Implementation
 L3 MPLS PE (L3 PE) Router
- It is used to aggregate traffic from multiple
BNGs and converting it from IP to MPLS

- It stores the VPN profile of the VPN

customers and continuously updates the
profile
 OCLAN Switch
- OCLAN stands for Other City LAN switch

- It works as a Tier-2 network device in the

BSNL multiplay network

- It connects the DSLAMs of the cities which

doesn’t come under A/B categories of NIB-
II project with Tier-1 switches
 CPE (Customer Premise Equipment)

CPE Consists of:

1. ADSL Modem
2. Splitter
3. Power Adapter
4. Cords
- Line Cord with RJ-11 Plug
- Ethernet Cord with RJ-45 Plug
- USB Cord (Optional)
 ADSL Modem types:
Type-1:
1. USB Port :1
2. Ethernet Port : 1

Type-2
1. Ethernet Port :4
2. Wi-Fi Port :1
 Customer Premises Installation
Line Line Splitter RJ 11
Splitter RJ 11 ADSL ADSL
RJ 11 RJ 11 RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 11 RJ 45 RJ 45
RJ 11 RJ 45

Single User with

Single User with
Voice, Data and Video RJ 45
Voice and Data STB
AV Port
Line RJ 11
Splitter ADSL
RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 45

Switch

Multi user Business

Customer
 CPE Installation
IP Address is allocated Bridge Mode
to PC By BRAS

CPE DSLAM
T2 Switch BRAS
T1 Switch
PPPoE Session

IP Address is Router Mode

allocated to CPE
By BRAS

CPE DSLAM
NAT
IP Address is
T2 Switch BRAS
T1 Switch
allocated
to PC By CPE PPPoE Session
 Multi User Customer
ADSL Port on DSLAM Should
allow that many MAC addresses
Bridge Mode

CPE DSLAM
T2 Switch BRAS
T1 Switch
Switch
If a user is allowed to login multiple sessions with
BRAS with same password, every machine establishes
a separate PPPoE Session with BRAS. Every machine
Gets full bandwidth for that account provided CPE -
DSLAM Link supports that.
Multi User Customer
IP Address is allocated
to PCs By BRAS
 Multi User Customer
Router Mode
NAT

CPE DSLAM
T2 Switch
T1 Switch BRAS
PPPoE Session
Switch

In this mode PPPoE is configured on CPE and only

One session is established between CPE and BRAS.
CPE gets IP Address from BRAS. DHCP in CPE
Multi User Customer Allocates IP addresses to machines. In this case all
IP Address is allocated The machines share the bandwidth allowed for that
to PCs By CPE Account. CPE has to do NAT also.
Thanks