A RANDOMIZED STANDARD CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY TO COMPARE THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A UNANI FORMULATION SAFOOF-E-ZIABETUS DULABI WITH

METFORMIN IN DHAYĀBĪ ṬUS ḤĀRR QISM THĀNĪ

(TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS)

EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF UNANI FORMULATION SAFOOF-E-ZIABETUS

DULABI AGAINST METFORMIN IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS.

DR. GHOUSIA TABASSUM, Ph.D Scholar,

Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
Disease under investigation
DHAYĀBĪṬUS ḤĀRR
(DIABETES MELLITUS)
Study Centre
SULTAN-UL-ULOOM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Under the guidance of

S.K. SYED HUSSAIN,
M.Pharm., M.B.A., (PhD)
 DEFINATION:
• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic
hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term
damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs,
especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood
vessels.
• In Unani medicine, diabetes has been mentioned with
different names like 'Dhayābīṭus', 'Dūlābiyya' (water
wheel),'Zalq al-Majari', 'Salas al-Bawl', 'Zalq al-Kulya',
Dawwāriyya (symptoms repeated in cyclic order),
Mu‘aṭṭisha (thirst producing), Atsha, parkar,
parkāriyya,etc. Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr is mentioned in most of
the Unani classical literature like Al-Qanun, Kamil al-
Sanaa, Al-Hawi.
 According to Ibne Sina (980-1037 A.D.)
“Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr is a disease in which the water which is
consumed by the patient is passed out through the kidney
immediately after the intake. It is similar to Zalq-al-Meda-wa-
Ama, in which the food passed rapidly through the stomach and
intestine without proper digestion”.

Allama Nafis defined Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr in his book Moalajat

al-Nafisi, as:
“Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr is a disease in which the patient feels
prolonged thirst and even when the patient consumes plenty of
water there is not enough irrigation and the patient passes the
urine immediately without any metabolic changes in the
consumed water”.
 Etiopathogenesis
• Ḍ‘uf-i Gurda (Weakness of Kidney)
• Ittisā’-i Gurda wa Majrā-i Bawl (Dilatation of
Kidney and urinary tract)
• Burūdat-i Badan, Jigar wa Gurda (cold
derangement in temperament)
• Sū’-i Mizāj Hārr Gurda (Hot derangement in
temperament of kidney)
• Sū’-i Mizāj Bārid Gurda (Cold derangement
in temperament of kidney)
 Classification of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
β-cell destruction
Type 2 diabetes
Progressive insulin secretory defect
Other specific types of diabetes
Genetic defects in β-cell function, insulin action
Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
Drug- or chemical-induced
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Criteria for the Diagnosis
of Diabetes
A1C ≥6.5%
OR
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)
OR
2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL
(11.1 mmol/L) during an OGTT
OR
A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1
mmol/L)
Complications of Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr
(mentioned by ancient unani physicians)

• Zooban (Emaciation of the body), develops

due to excessive dehydration of the body
which cannot overcome by intake of water
• Collapse of the sexual functions
• Diabetic gangrene and
• General debility
 study rationale
• Worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated
to 425.0 million (8.8% of adult 20-79 years) in 2017; by
2045 this will rise to 629 million.
• India alone has 72.9 million and in China 114.4 million.
• 1 in 2 (212 million) people with diabetes were undiagnosed.
• About 79% of people with diabetes live in low and middle
income countries.
• The diabetes-related health expenditure will exceed from
USD 727 billion (2017) to USD 776 billion (2045).  
• Every six seconds a person dies from diabetes (5.0 million
annual deaths).
Cont..
• Epidemiological studies have confirmed a global pandemic of T2DM,
which has created an enormous burden on society, with regard to
morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures.
• In spite of a good number of drugs developed by the modern system of
medicine there are many clinical issues which are still to be addressed
like the effective control on the function of pancreas in diabetes
mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetes related complications. These
drugs are known to maintain the blood glucose at the required normal
level and do not prevent the complications of T2DM. Further the use
of these modern drugs is associated with various adverse effects.
• Unani system of medicine claims to possess a number of cost effective
and safe compound and single drugs that can be used in management
of Diabetes mellitus.
• After the review of Unani literature as well as recent analytical data, a
compound unani formulation known as Safoof-e-Ziabetus Dulabi is
selected for the study.
 Cont ..
• Sufoof - e - Ziabetes - Dulabi (SZD) is a polyherbal Unani
preparation widely prescribed for Dhayābīṭus Sadiq (Diabetes
mellitus) and Ḍ‘uf-i-kulya (weakness of the kidney). ).
• The current study is taken for the first time and considers the
assessment of the scientific validity of an age old, time tested
Unani Pharmacopoeial formulation in DIABETES MELLITUS.
 Aim:
• To evaluate Anti-diabetic Activity of unani formulation SAFOOF-E-ZIABETUS
DULABI against METFORMIN in STREPTOZOTOCIN induced diabetic rats.
OBJECTIVES
• To develop evidence-based medicine in the treatment of DM with the unani
formulation.
• The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of the unani
formulation on biochemical parameters in Wistar Albino rats against
Streptozotocin induced diabetes model.
• To assess - Parameters for assessment of DM.
- Body weights of animals
- Blood glucose levels
- HbA1c
• Parameters for assessment of safety profile.
- Liver function test
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Aim
• To evaluate Anti-diabetic Activity of unani formulation SAFOOF-E-ZIABETUS DULABI
against METFORMIN in STREPTOZOTOCIN induced diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVES

•Determine the effect of the unani formulation To assess-

on biochemical parameters in Wistar albino
rats against Streptozotocin induced Diabetic
model.
Develop evidence-based medicine in the
treatment of DM with unani formulation
- Glycosylated Haemoglobin
(HbA1C).
Parameters for assessment of DM.
Parameters for assessment of safety
profile.
 Investigational Drug (ID)
Formulation: Safoof-e-ziabetus dulabi
(powder)
SZD is a polyherbal UCF widely prescribed for
Dhayābīṭus Sadiq (Diabetes mellitus) &
Ḍ‘uf-I kulya (weakness of the kidney).
β-sitosterol, a phytosterol reported in all the
ingredients of SZD exhibits
Hypolipidemic,
Cholesterol lowering
Anticancer
Immunomodulatory
Antidiabetic properties.
 Composition of Safoof-e-Ziabetus Dulabi
According to the QARABADEEN-E-AZAM-WO-AKMAL and NFUM
(National Formulary of Unani Medicine)
S. Unani name Part used Botanical identity Quantitye
No. ach 1
gram
contains
1 Post-e-Andrun-e- Stem bark Ficus racemosa Linn.
Darakht-e-Guler
2 Gil-e-Armani Silicate of Alumina, Bole armeniaerubra
magnesia and oxide
of iron
3 Gulnar Farsi Flower Punica granatum
Linn
4 Dana Anar Shireen Seed Punica granatum
Linn
5 Maghz-e-Tukhm-e- Seed Mangifera indica Linn
Anba
6 Amla Pericarp of dried Phyllanthus emblica
fruit Gaertn.
7 Kishneez Khushk Fruit Coriandrum sativum
Linn
 Post-e-Andrun-e-Darakht-e-Guler
Botanical name Ficus racemosa Linn.

Ajzae Musta’mala Stem bark

(Parts used):
Temperament Hot 10 Wet10
Actions Nafae aaitshak
Miqdare Khuraq 5-7 g
(Dose)
Keemiyai ajza Gluanol Acetate, Β-sitosterol, Lupeol, Α-amyrin Acetate,
(Chemical Leucoantho Cyanidin, And Leucoanthocyanin , Lupeol, Β-
constituents) sitosterol And Stigmasterol

Sceintifc reports Hypoglycemic ,Hepatoprotective,Hypolipidemic,Renal anti

carcinogenic, Antioxidant , Wound healing, Anti bacterial
activity Antifungal activity, Antidiarrhoeal Antidiuretic
Antiinflammaory, Anthelmintic, Antifertility activity,
Analgesic, Larvicidal, Antitussive, Anticholinesterase,
Antipyretic
 Gil-e-Armani

Botanical Bole armeniaerubra

name
Ajzae Silicate of Alumina,
Musta’mala magnesia and
(Parts used): oxide of iron

Temperament Cold10 Dry20

Actions Habbis-ud-dam, Mujaffif, Mufareh-wo-
muqawwi-e-qalb, Dafae Humma, Daffae Taffun

Miqdare 1-7 gm (khazain-ul-advia)

Khuraq (Dose)
Sceintifc Refrigerant, Astringent, Absorbent, Antiseptic,
reports Antipyretic, Haemostatic.
 Gulnar Farsi
Botanical name Punica granatum Linn

Ajzae Musta’mala Flower

(Parts used):

Temperament According to Khazainul Advia &

Kitabul Mufrida.
Cold 10 dry 20
Cold 20 dry 20
Cold 30 dry 30

Actions Qabiz, Mujafif, Habis-ud-dam, Rade, Muqawi sanoon wa

lissa,Muqawi aza rayeesa, Mudamil, Qatil-e-didan am’a

Miqdare Khuraq 7g
(Dose)

Keemiyai ajza Gallic Acid, Ursolic Acid, Triterpenoids, Including Maslinic And
(Chemical constituents) Asiatic Acid

Sceintifc reports Antidiabetic, Hypolipidemic

 Maghz-e-Tukhm-e-Anba
Botanical name Mangifera indica Linn

Ajzae seed
Musta’mala
(Parts used):
Miqdare 3g
Khuraq (Dose)
Keemiyai ajza Mangiferin, Isomangiferin, Tannins, Gallic
(Chemical Acid, Coumarin, Caffeic Acid, Vanillin,
constituents) Mangiferin, Ferulic Acid, Cinamic Acid,
Sitosterol, Stigmesterol, Tocopherols.
Sceintifc Antidiabetic, Anti-diarrhoeal, Anti
reports inflammatory and Antimicrobial, Analgesic
and Anti-inflammatory
 Amla
Botanical name Phyllanthus emblica Gaertn.

Ajzae Musta’mala Fruit

(Parts used):

Temperament Cold 10 Dry10

Actions Muqawwi-e-azaa-e-rayeesa,
Muqawwi-e-meda, Qabiz,
Mussakin-e-sfraa-wo-khoon,
Muqawwi-e-chasm
Miqdare Khuraq 3-5 g
(Dose)

Keemiyai ajza Apigenin, Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid, Chebulinic Acid, Quercetin,
(Chemical Isostrictiniin, Methl Gallate, Luteolin Emblicanin A, Emblicanin B
constituents)

Sceintifc reports Antidiabetic , Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic, Gastroprotective,

Hepatoprotective, Immunomodulating Activity, Antidiarrheal,
Antitussive, Anti-pyretic And Analgesic Activity, Antimicrobial,
Antitumour, Adaptogenic, Antiproliferative Activity, Apoptotic,
Antiulcerogenic & Wound healing.
 Kishneez Khushk
Botanical name Coriandrum sativum Linn

Ajzae Musta’mala fruits

(Parts used):

Temperament Cold20 Dry20

Actions Mussakin (externallly)

Muffareh-wo-muqawwi-e-qalb-wo-dimagh
Muqawwi-e-meda
Daafae-e-tabqeer.

Miqdare Khuraq 5-7 gm

(Dose)

Keemiyai ajza
(Chemical Linalool , γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene ,camphor and geranyl
constituents) acetate.

Sceintifc reports Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antibacterial, Antifungal

,Sedative, Hypnotic Activity, Anticonvulsant, Diuretric, Hypolipidemic,
Anti-Cancer, Anti-Anxiety Activity, Anti-Protozoal, Gastric Mucosal
Protective Activity, Post-Coital Antifertility Activity, Anthelmintic
Activity, Anti Mutagenic Activity.
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
 ANIMAL STUDIES
• Ethical Committee clearance was
obtained from Institutional Animal
Ethics Committee - (REG NO :
IAEC/SUCP/2019/02) of CPCSEA
•  30 Wistar Albino Male rats (150-
200gm) were purchased from
Sainath Agencies,Musheerabad,
Hyderabad, India.
• Diabetes Mellitus in rats was
induced by Streptozotocin
(55mg/kg b.w, i.p) single dose.
After 3 days plasma glucose levels
was checked, the animals with
wt:250mg/dLwill be selected.
 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Division of mice into 5 groups of n=6 mice each
GROUP I (Normal control) – pellet chow and vehicle
(0.5% w/v CMC)
GROUP II (Negative control)- Streptozotocin (55mg/kg
b.w, i.p) + vehicle (0.5% w/v CMC)
GROUP III (Standard)- Metformin (500mg/kg
Streptozotocin (55mg/kg b.w, i.p)
GROUP IV (Test 1)- Streptozotocin (55mg/kg b.w, i.p)
+formulation (200 mg/kg b.w + 0.5% w/v CMC by p.o)
GROUP V (Test 2)- Streptozotocin (55mg/kg b.w, i.p) +
SZD (400 mg/kg b.w + 0.5% w/v CMC by p.o)
 Parameters for assessment of DM
i. Body weight of animal
ii. Blood Glucose level
iii. HbA1c
Parameters for Assessment of Safety
Profile
LFT (Serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT,
Alkaline Phosphatase)
 RESULTS
Body weight
• There was an increase in body weight of SZD 200mg/kg and 400/kg treated
groups (189±3.1) and (201±3.5) respectively which were comparable with
metformin (209±3.8).

200
Normal control
Disease control
Body Weight (gram)

150
Standard
Test I 200 mg/kg
100
Test II 400 mg/kg

50

0
W ek 1
W ek 4
W 8
W ek 1
W ek 4
W 8
W ek 1
W ek 4
W 8
W ek 1
W ek 4
W 8
W ek 1
W ek 4
k8
k

k
ee

ee

ee

ee

ee
e

e
e

e
e
e
e

e
e
W

Treatment Groups
WEEK-1 WEEK-4 WEEK-8
Week 4 Week 8
Week 1 500 500
Normal control Normal control

Blood Glucose (mg/dL)

500

Blood Glucose (mg/dL)

Normal control Disease control
400 Disease control
Blood Glucose (mg/dL)

400
400 Disease control Standard Standard
Standard 300 Test I 200 mg/kg 300
300 Test I 200 mg/kg
Test I 200 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg
200 Test II 400 mg/kg
200
Test II 400 mg/kg 200
100
100 100
0
0 0

Treatment Groups Treatment Groups

Treatment Groups

Treatment Groups Week 1 Treatment Groups Week 4 Treatment Groups Week 8

(mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL)

Normal control 80±3.42 Normal control 82±3.42 Normal control 83±3.69

Disease control 390±2.73 Disease control 430±2.78 Disease control 470±2.85

Standard 380±2.54 Standard 300±2.59 Standard 124±1.48

Test I 200 mg/kg 400±2.57 Test I 200 mg/kg 335±2.49 Test I 200 mg/kg 134±2.52

Test II 400 mg/kg 390±1.56 Test II 400 mg/kg 309±2.47 Test II 400 mg/kg 130±1.49
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
• On treatment with SZD 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg the values observed were
(7.46±1.06) and (7.06±1.22) respectively which were comparable with
metformin (6.52±1.14)

15
Normal control
Disease control
10 Standard
Hba1c %

Test I 200 mg/kg

Test II 400 mg/kg
5

0
l l g g
t r o t r o a r d g /k g /k
c o n con a n d m m
a l a se S t 2 0 0 4 0 0
m e
o r D is s t I t II
s
N Te Te
Treatment Groups
Liver Function tests:
Alkaline phosphatise:
• Alkaline phosphatase levels on treatment with SZD at 200mg/kg and
400mg/kg the results observed were (132.31±2.10) and (126.20±2.78)
respectively which were comparable with metformin (16.39±7.9).

200
Normal control
Alanine phosphate (U/L)

Disease control
150
Standard
Test I 200 mg/kg
100
Test II 400 mg/kg

50

Treatment Groups
 WEEK-1 WEEK-4 WEEK 8
• Treatment Week 1 Groups Week 4
Week 8
• 80Week 8 Normal control 200
Normal control 200
Normal control
Alanine phosphate U/L

Alanine phosphate U/L

Alanine phosphate U/L

• 60(U/L) Disease control
Standard
150
Disease control
Standard
150
Disease control
Standard

• 40Normal control Test I 200 mg/kg

100
Test I 200 mg/kg
100
Test I 200 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg Test II 400 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg
• 68.32±1.29 50 50
20
• Disease control 0
0
• 0188.08±1.62 ol o l d g g

0 /kg
II 0 m rd
c o ol

s t 2 0 da l

kg
n o
t r n t r d a r g /k g / k

e tr
st S t a n t r

g/
ol o l d g g

40 g
as on

m
n
tr ntr dar g/k g/k c o co a n m m

i se c
a l a s e S t 2 0 0 4 00

D al
n
• alStandard
co e co tan 0 m 0 m

Te I
m

or
e I I
s S 20 40 o r is st st I

Te
m ea N D Te T e
or Dis t I II
es est
• 116.39±1.79
N T T Treatment Groups
Treatment Groups

Treatment Groups

Treatment Groups Week 1 Treatment Groups Week 4 Treatment Groups Week 8

(U/L) (U/L) (U/L)

Normal control 64.23±1.49 Normal control 68.32±1.29

Normal control 68.32±1.23

Disease control 159.37±2.37 Disease control 188.08±1.62

Disease control 66.39±2.40

Standard 67.43±1.39 Standard 129.28±1.39 Standard 116.39±1.79

Test I 200 mg/kg 66.49±1.32 Test I 200 mg/kg 148.30±3.27 Test I 200 mg/kg 132.31±2.10

Test II 400 mg/kg 67.28±2.32 Test II 400 mg/kg 139.36±2.41 Test II 400 mg/kg 126.20±2.78
SGPT-R:
• On treatment with SZD 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg which were observed to be
(33.52±2.25) and (29.60±2.18) respectively. This results were similar to that of
metformin (25.35±1.84) 

100
Normal control
80 Disease control
Standard
SGPT (U/L)

60 Test I 200 mg/kg

Test II 400 mg/kg
40

20

Treatment Groups
 WEEK-1 WEEK-4 WEEK-8
Week 4 Week 8
Week 1
80 100
40 Normal Normal
Normal
Disease control 80 Disease control
60
Disease control

SGPT (U/L)
30 Standard

SGPT (U/L)
Standard
Standard 60
SGPT U/L

40 Test I 200mg/kg Test I 200mg/kg

20 Test I 200mg/kg Test II 400mg/kg 40 Test II 400mg/kg
Test II 400mg/kg 20
20
10
0 0
0

Treatment groups Treatment groups

Treatment groups

Treatment Groups Week 1 Treatment Groups Week 4 Treatment Groups Week 8

(U/L) (U/L) (U/L)

Normal control 21.23±2.17 Normal control 22.24±2.15 Normal control 23.85±1.47

Disease control 25.67±2.49 Disease control 57.17±2.47 Disease control 85.37±3.19

Standard 24.48±2.93 Standard 44.57±2.34 Standard 25.35±1.84

Test I 200 mg/kg 27.32±2.57 Test I 200 mg/kg 52.32±2.48 Test I 200 mg/kg 33.52±2.25

Test II 400 mg/kg 24.18±2.63 Test II 400 mg/kg 49.29±2.24 Test II 400 mg/kg 29.60±2.18
TOTAL BILIRUBIN:
• The total bilirubin values in groups treated with SZD 200mg/kg and
400mg/kg were found to be (0.31±0.05) and (0.35±0.03) respectively. This
results were similar to that of metformin (0.36±0.03).

0.5
Normal control
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.4 Disease control

Standard
0.3 Test I 200 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg
0.2

0.1

0.0

Treatment Groups
WEEK-1 WEEK-4 WEEK-8
Week 1 Week 8
Week 4
80 150
Normal control 100 Normal control
Normal control
Disease control Disease control
60 80 Disease control
Standard

SGOT (U/L)
Standard
SGOT (U/L)

Standard 100

SGOT (U/L)
Test I 200 mg/kg 60 Test I 200 mg/kg
40 Test I 200 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg Test II 400 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg
40 50
20
20
0 0
0
l l g g
ro ro rd /k /k
o nt ont nda mg m g
c c a
al se St 200 400
r m sea I I
o i st t I
N D Te Tes
Treatment Groups
Treatment Groups Treatment Groups

Treatment Groups Week 1 Treatment Groups Week 4 Treatment Groups Week 8

(U/L) (U/L) (U/L)

Normal control 47.68±2.14 Normal control 46.78±3.26 Normal control 46.23±2.09

Disease control 54.38±1.49 Disease control 91.87±1.76 Disease control 124.20±2.18

Standard 55.30±.158 Standard 75.93±1.78 Standard 56.03±3.01

Test I 200 mg/kg 50.80±2.65 Test I 200 mg/kg 83.88±1.60 Test I 200 mg/kg 66.18±1.42

Test II 400 mg/kg 58.01±1.64 Test II 400 mg/kg 78.11±1.56 Test II 400 mg/kg 60.42±1.84
TOTAL BILIRUBIN:
• The total bilirubin values in groups treated with SZD 200mg/kg and
400mg/kg were found to be (0.31±0.05) and (0.35±0.03) respectively. This
results were similar to that of metformin (0.36±0.03).

0.5
Normal control
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.4 Disease control

Standard
0.3 Test I 200 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg
0.2

0.1

0.0

Treatment Groups
WEEK-1 WEEK-4 WEEK-8
Week 1 Week 8
Week 4
0.5 0.5
Normal control 0.4 Normal control

Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)

Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)

Normal control

Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.4 Disease control 0.4 Disease control
Disease control
Standard 0.3 Standard
Standard
0.3 0.3 Test I 200 mg/kg
Test I 200 mg/kg Test I 200 mg/kg
Test II 400 mg/kg 0.2 Test II 400 mg/kg
0.2 Test II 400 mg/kg 0.2

0.1 0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

Treatment Groups Treatment Groups Treatment Groups

Treatment Groups Week 1 Treatment Groups Week 4 Treatment Groups Week 8

(mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL)

Normal control 0.30±0.04 Normal control 0.30±0.02 Normal control 0.37±0.09

Disease control 0.32±0.03 Disease control 0.15±0.05 Disease control 0.03±0.09

Standard 0.31±0.05 Standard 0.21±0.09 Standard 0.36±0.03

Test I 200 mg/kg 0.33±0.09 Test I 200 mg/kg 0.17±0.01 Test I 200 mg/kg 0.31±0.05

Test II 400 mg/kg 0.34±.0.04 Test II 400 mg/kg 0.19±0.08 Test II 400 mg/kg 0.35±0.03
 Histopathological Studies:

Negative Pancreas:
- Apoptosis of beta cells and atrophy of islets of pancreas.
- Degeneration of beta cells and atrophy of islets of pancreas.
- Acinar cells of pancreas appeared normal.
 Normal Pancreas:

- Beta cells in islets of pancreas appeared normal.

- Acinar cells of pancreas appeared normal.
- Ductular pancreas appeared normal.
 Standard pancreas:

- Hypertrophy of islets of pancreas along with proliferation beta cells are

noticed.
- Multi focal inflammation observed in acinar cells of pancreas.
- Acinar cells in pancreas appeared normal.
- Ductular pancreas appeared normal.
 Test-1:

- Hypertrophy of islets of pancreas with hyperplasia or proliferation of

beta cells noticed.
- Acinar cells of pancreas appeared normal.
- Beta cells were normal.
 Test-2:
- Hypertrophy of islets of pancreas with hyperplasia or proliferation of beta cells are noticed.
- Acinar cells of pancreas appeared normal.
- Normal islets with beta cells noticed.
- Normal ductular pancreas.
 CONCLUSION:

1. The aqueous extract of the unani formulation Safoof-e-ziabetus dulabi consisting of various parts of
plants was used to evaluate anti-diabetic activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

2. The administration of SZD at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed effective increase in body

weight when compared with Streptozotocin induced disease group.

3. The blood glucose levels and HbA1c values were found to be decreased in animals treated with SDZ

when compared with Streptozotocin induced disease group.

4. The Liver function tests was performed which includes ALP, SGPT, SGOT, Total bilirubin to evaluate

safety profile of SZD. The values were found to be under the normal range when compared with

Streptozotocin induced disease group which showed elevated values.

5. The Pancreas of animals of all the groups were sent for histopathological examination which showed

Normal beta and acinar cells, hypertrophy of islets of pancreas was also noted along with proliferation

of beta cells.

6. From the present study we can conclude that the unani formulation SZD has the efficiency to improve

diabetes.
references
Thank you