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en Modellen – 8C120
8C120
8C120
Sensors en Transducers
T r a n s d u c tie tu s s e n fy s is c h e d o m e in e n
h e fb o o m ,
k a tr o l- r e d u c t ie
lu id s p r e k e r / m ic r o fo o n ,
lin e a ir e m o to r / g e n e r a t o r,
z u ig e r, p ie z o - e le m e n t ,
t r o m m e lv lie s t r ilh a a r c e l
t r a n s la tie s c h r o e fs p in d e l, tr a n s fo r m a to r
lie r
H y d r a u lis c h , k ru k -a s ,
M e c h a n is c h w ie l E le k tr is c h
P n e u m a t is c h ,
A c o u s t is c h pom p,
r o ta t ie
p r o p e llo r, m o to r / g e n e ra to r,
tu r b in e d r a a is p o e lm e te r
S tir lin g -
re m , m o to r
t r a n s m is s ie
w r ijv in g
( v e r s n e llin g s b a k )
O hm se
U itz e tt in g , w e e rs ta n d
g e h e u g e n m e ta a l
p h o t o - d io d e :
T h e r m is c h ( z o n n e c e l)
s ta a f je s ,
k e g e ltje s
e x o th e r m e r e a k tie : A c c u , B a tt e r ij, LE D ,
v e r b r a n d in g b r a n d s to fc e l, L a s e r,
ze nuw v la m b o o g
e n d o th e rm e
r e a k tie
C h e m is c h , S t r a lin g ,
n u c le a ir L ic h t
F o to s y n th e s e
A . V e lt m a n , 1 1 - 9 8
8C120
Sensors en Transducers
1. Actief (sensor)
• Externe energiebron nodig
8C120
Sensors en Transducers
8C120
Sensors en Transducers
Klassificatie
2. Capacitive sensors
3. Inductive sensors
4. Self-generating transducers
8C120
Sensors en transducers
8C120
Resistive sensors
8C120
Resistive sensors - Potentiometer
Potentiometer
▓
R1
Vi +- V0 +
Vi - V0
R2
xi xi
8C120
Figure 2.1 Three types of potentiometric devices for measuring displacements
(a) Translational. (b) Single-turn, (c) Multiturn.
(From Measurement Systems: Application and Design, by E. O. Doebelin. Copyright © 1990 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Co.)
8C120
Rekstrookje – strain gauge
4 mm
8C120
Resistive sensors – Wheatstone bridge
R1
R2
8C120
Capacitive sensors
Capacitive sensors:
Het object dat gemeten wordt kan de capaciteit van een plaatcondensator
veranderen
(n 1) A
C r 0
d
0 = permittivity vrije ruimte = 8.85 10-11 F/m
r = relatieve permittivity
n = aantal platen
A = oppervlak plaat [m2]
d = afstand tussen platen [m]
8C120
Capacitive sensors
Voorbeelden
1. Capacitance microphone: ruimte tussen twee
motion
parallelle platen wordt beïnvloed door akoustische
level
druk
8C120
8C120
8C120
Capacitieve sensors
C
X0
Vi=E
R
Vu
X0
Vi=E
R
Vu
Het teken van VU wordt bepaald door bewegingsrichting X0
8C120
Sensitivity:
8C120
Figure 2.12 (a) High-frequency circuit model for piezoelectric sensor. Rs is the sensor leakage
resistance and Cs the capacitance. Lm, Cm, and Rm represent the mechanical system, (b)
Piezoelectric sensor frequency response. (From Transducers for Biomedical Measurements: Principles
and Applications, by R. S. C. Cobbold. Copyright (c) 1974, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Reprinted by
permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.) 8C120