EXCITONIC DEVICES

Pankaj (2016176)

01 ABSTRACT
Excitonic devices are futuristic devices which have theoretically shown that
they can replace the current generation of electronic devices. They form a
coherent condensate which reduces the exciton resistance to current flow
and have low switching voltage. This allows less power consumption per
switch when compared to electronic devices. In this paper, we describe the
functioning of excitonic solar cells - namely quantum dot solar cells and dye
sensitised solar cells. From the research we found out that excitonic solar
cells have greater efficiency than photovoltaic solar cells due to the property
of multiple exciton generation and usage of ruthenium dye in dye sensitised
solar cells which allows more sunlight absorption. Quantum dots also found
their application in detection of cancer cells which has been discussed in the
paper along with the current challenges they pose for implementation on
02 INTRODUCTION
Excitonic devices are being seen as an replacement to the electronic devices
being used in the present stage.It is due to the following reasons:- Excitons
are bosons and can form a coherent condensate with vanishing resistance
for exciton currents and low switching voltage for excitonic resistors. This
allows low power consumption per switch when compared to electronic
circuits. Excitonic signal processing can be connected to optical.
EXCITONS
• The exciton binding energy is enhanced by quantum
confinement to values upto 10mv. This allows excitonic
transitions to be seperated from band transitions and exist

03 APPLICATIONS
human bodies.
Quantum Solar cells
Conventional solar cell have around 32 percent
theoretical efficiency but quantum dot solar cells are
special. They have 62 percent theoretical effciency. •
How they have 62 percent efficiency:Conventional
solar cell takes energy from the sunlight and absorbs
at room temperatures.
• The excitonic peaks can be changed by modulating the
electric field which leads to stark effect.
Dye Solar Cells
• Excitons can be modulated by free charge which lead to a
variety of nonlinear optic applications.
In this a dye is attached to a metal oxide such as
Ti02. The role of the dye is to absorb light and
from the light injects an electron into the
conduction band.The dye on getting oxidised,
gets reduced when the electron- hole gets

05 DESCUSSION
photon. By the absorption of 1 photon ,1 electron seperated. The solar charge separation is done by
gets excited from valence band to conduction band kinetic competition. The organic dye replaces
and forms one exciton. This leads to the conduction light absorbing pigments,the wide bandgap

of current in conventional solar cells. But Quantum
dot solar cells (QDSC) are different they can produce
more than 2 excitons by the absorption of only 1
photon as shown in figure below .If they will
produce 2 exciton they have 62 percent efficiency
and they will produce more than 2 exciton they can
show up to 92 percent theoretical efficiency
nanostructured semiconductor layer replaces
oxidized dihydro-nicotinamide-adenine-
dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and carbon
dioxide acts as the electron acceptor.The
electrolyte replaces the water while oxygen as
the electron donor and oxidation product,
respectively. The overall cell efficiency of dye
sensitized solar cell is found to be proportional to
the electron injection efficiency in the wide
bandgap nanostructured semiconductors.
& CONCLUSION
There has been a lot of positives that have come out
after research in quantum dot technology usage in
detection of tumor cells but we still have large scope
for development. Conjugated quantum dots can target
solid tumor tissues with mature vasculature but
micrometastasis without well developed vasculature is
hard to detect. Improvement need to be made on the
surface of QDs for efficient detection and to reach
micrometastasis and initiate binding to tumor antigens.
We have to find measures to reduce the toxicity of
heavy metals quantum dots as although cadmium
storage in body does not affect the cell metabolism but
will be a major stone in passing the regulatory
concerns when tried on humans.’ Quantum Dot Solar
cells and Dye sensitized solar have shown high

04 RESULTS efficiency on paper but practically QDSC and DSSC

shows not more than 10 and 14 percent efficiency.In
future if we will able to produce more than 2 excitons
Quantum dots for Cancer diagnosis and therapy in these solar cells by absorbing only 1 photon we can
increase its efficiency.
Due to cancer being a heterogenous and a complex disease, even in
same type of cancer, the levels of tyrosine kinase vary. It can even
change in a patient over time. The level of the target expression must
be found and if it is high, patient undergoes cancer treatment. So the
application of QDs is to find target expression in primary and metastatic
cancers. This could be achieved by conjugating QDs with a ligand or an
antibody specific for the target, then administrating conjugated QDs in
vivo for active tumor targeting. QDs attached covalently to therapeutic
agents can serve as a tracker to evaluate the delivery effectiveness and
the pharmacodynamics of the agents in real time

06 REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitizedsolarcell.
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/43347.pdf
http://www.homepages.ed.ac.uk/nrobert1/Research/excitonic.20solar.20cells.html