SBEA1913 Construction P

ractice
PET PROJECT
Reporting The Ongoing Construction Work
Muaz Bin Muhammad Nidzam

Beh Ming Yi
Nur Fadhilah Binti Taha

Chan Kei Wern

Prepared by

Khoo Shi Yen

INTRODUCTION

“Architecture is the learned game, correct and

magnificent, of forms assembled in the light.”
 
– Le Corbusier
Objective
“To expose students with real construction which including sta
ges,methods and process of construction”.
Company Profile
  A.Normal Architecture Firm

 Directors : Ar.Normal Bin Hj.Ahmad

@ Saliman

 Years Established : 2005

 Address : 21-02,Jalan Pendidikan

3,Taman Universiti,81300
Skudai,Johor

 Company Practice Statement:

-specializing in architecture
-interior design and planning
-innovative design
-sustainable architecture

 Company Selected Projects:

➣Pejabat dan Pengkalan Kastam
Tanjung Gemok,Rompin,Pahang
➣Pondok Polis Sedenak ,Johor Bahru
Utara,Johor
➣Semula Bazar Mara Benut,Pontian
Johor
CONTRACT DETAILS
CONTRACTOR : MENTARI BESTARI SDN. BHD.
ADDRESS : 71-A KAMPAR ROAD, 10460, PULAU PINANG.
SITE POSSESSION DATE : 01.10.2015
EXPECTED COMPLETION : 31.12.2016
ORIGINAL CONTRACT SUM : RM 19,190,000.00
INSURANS EXP. DATE : 31.06.2017 (+ 331/2 month)
BG EXP. DATE : 31.06.2017
L.A.D : RM 5,300 Per Day
Project Site

“Less is more.”
– Mies van der Rohe
 Location : Neighbourhood ,Bandar Dato'Onn,Johor
Bahru,Johor.

 Buildings : two story high building for residential purpose

93 units of terrace house ,type Amaryllis (20' x 70')
46 units of double story terrace house,type
Ambiance
(20' and 70')

 Client: Johor Land Berhad.

 Date of site Possession :1st of October 2015.

 Consultants:
-Architect:A.Normal Architect
-Civil Engineer:Perunding B&O
-Structural Engineer:Teguh Runding SDN BHD
-M&E:Perundin Brightech
-Quantity Surveyor:KPK Quantity Surveyor (Semananjung)SDN
BHD
-Contractor Head Office :Mentari Berseri SDN BHD
SITE ORGANISATION CHART

“An idea is salvation by imagination.”  

– Frank Lloyd Wright
Introduction of Responsibiliti
es
“You cannot escape the responsibility of
tomorrow by evading it today”
Abraham Lincoln
Coordinator: Architect firm
– to clarify design details to the construction teams to make
sure the as built is same as what their intention was
– to make changes to their original design to comply with str
uctural stability and safety if it is necessary
– to keep track and identify that the work done is in the corr
ect manner
Civil & Structural Enginee
r– to carry out investigation of the soil condition and other e
nvironment factor to determine the structural system that
needs to be used
– design structures of a building including columns, beams a
nd foundation by calculating loads and stresses and how e
fficient the loads are transferred
Mechanical & Electrical Engineer
– -in charge of utility and services connection.
– -make sure the building codes are met.
– -make sure the services cables are safe and efficient in orde
r to save cost and also to provide a conducive and safe buil
ding.
Quantity Surveyor
– -responsible for creating tender contracts and analyses cos
ts for the tender
– -in charge of keeping track of on-going cost and analysis of
maintenance and repair work.
– - make sure that the cost is rational and spent in a correct
manner
Contractor
– -directly employs or engages construction workers or man
ages construction work.
– -supervise and make sure that the construction is going as
scheduled,
– -come out with a recovery plan if the construction is delay
ed or meet any problem.
 CONSTRUCTION
“Form ever follows function.”  
Louis Sullivan
SITE CLEARANCE

“God is in the details.”  

Mies van der Rohe
Objectives
-removing hazardous substances
-levelling and preparing land for any planned construction or l
andscaping
Process
-rubble and other demolition materials
-Flying tipping area
-Overgrown/contaminated land
-Tree removal and land clearance
-Hazardous waste (eg:dangerous material like asbestos)
-Changing the face/geography of the site
Construction Skills
-gardening experts
-hazardous waste professionals
-demolition teams
Preparation
-Clear the vegetation
-removal of surface soil layer
RETENTION POND

“Not many architects have the luxury to

reject significant things.”  
 Rem Koolhaus
 Built after site clearance by construction team

 enforced by local authority

 Engineer determine the size of pond

-according to the site it is required to cover

 Purpose:
-to store rainwater
-to prevent flood in an area
-natural filter (allow settlement of particle,so
chemical and sediment can be remove before
the water is flown out to the river)

 Advantages:
-efficient and cost effective drainage system
(less and smaller pipe is required for water to
flow into the river)

 It control the water level using pumps and

valves
STRUCTURAL WORKS

“A doctor can bury his mistakes, but an

architect can only advise his clients to
plant vines.”  
 Frank Lloyd Wright
 Works that involving the
construction of structural system
after site clearance,example:
-foundations
-beams and columns
-roof

 Purpose:
-make sure the stability of building
-support and transmit applied
loads safely to the ground
Skeletal system
– Definition
– the structural system that using column-beam structure or fram
e structure.-masonry wall are not subjected to any load
– Advantages of skeletal system:
-greater flexibility in allocating interior layout
-having thinner walls (increasing carpet area)
Structural component
– Substructure / foundation
-lower potion of the building
-located below ground level
-transmit loads of superstructure to the supporting ground.
– Superstructure
-structure above ground level
FOUNDATIONS

 “Architecture should speak of its time and

place, but yearn for timelessness.”  
 Frank Gehry
 Function : to distribute the entire building load on the
soil

 For this project , RAFT FOUNDATION is used.

 Raft foundation :
-large concrete slab that's run around t entire building

-can hold up a couple of columns and walls

-used when the ground is of good load bearing
capacity

 Steps to build raft foundations:

1.Soil test done by engineer
2.excavate the site to a certain depth
3.compacting the foundation bed through ramming
4.spacers are placed and reinforced over the
foundation bed
5.concrete is poured over the reinforcement
 In this project:
-reinforced concrete slab:100mm
-concrete grade M25 is used in ratio 1:1:2
(cement:sand:coarse aggregate)
-its take about 1 day fort the slab to dry (but
need to be done by observing the weather)

Advantages Disadvantages

Foundation and
slabs are combined, Edge corrosion will
it is save more time happend if it is not
and is material treated correctly
effective

Loads are
Less excavation is concentrated at one
needed, resulting in point which rarely
lower cost happends in
domestic buiding
COLUMN & BEAM (SUPERSTRUCURE)

“When I’m working on a problem, I never think about

beauty. But when I’ve finished, if the solution is not
beautiful I know it’s wrong.”
 Buckminster Fuller
Column
-Definition
A vertical structural element disputing loads vertically to the f
oundation or ground
-Column must have least 4 reinforcement bar at 4 corners
-Ties are placed uniformly across the column (to resist shear f
orce)
Beam
– Definition
-horizontal structure which span across column
-transfer the loads of the upper floor slab to the column an
d eventually sending it to the foundation
 Types of beam
1.Simply supported beam
-has pinned support at one end and roller support at
other end.
-undergoes shearing and bending epending the load
applied

2.Fixed Beam
-both ends are fixed

3.Cantilever Beam
-fixed at one end and free at other end.

4.Continuosly Supported Beam

-has more than 2 supports distributed throughout its
length.

5.Overhanging beam
-has one or both end portions extending beyond its
supports.
ROOF STRUCTURE
Definition : the structure forming the upper
covering of a building

“As an architect you design for the present,

with an awareness of the past, for a future
which is essentially unknown.”
– Norman Foster
 Start immediately when the structure is
competed

 Function : provides protection

 Shapes : flat or sloping

 Materials :RCC,stone slab ,tiles

 Loads are supported by trusses.

 After the supporting trusses is a sheet of

insulation
-insulation material : aluminium foil
-function:to prevent the interior from getting
too hot due to direct sun glare.

 Roof tiles are placed at the outermost layer

which is supported by steel channels.
 Trusses
 Built before the construction of roof.

 Triangular system of straight

interconnected structural elements.

 A framework, it typically consisting of

rafters, posts and struts, supporting a
roof, bridge or other structure.

 Function : to carry and support the

weight of the entire roof deck and the
materials that cover the roof of the
building.
FLOOR SLAB
 Definition: The system of structural components which
separate the stories of a building

“To provide meaningful architecture is not

to parody history but to articulate it.”
– Daniel Libeskind
 Also called reinforced concrete slab

 Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete

i.thicker : construct floor and ceiling
ii.thinner: used under the main floor slabs or in
crawl spaces.

 Flooring
-to prevent dampness from rising to the top
-to have a firm platform that can be kept hygienic
and clean

 For this project

-floor slab is built on site where by the concrete is
poured into casing.
-acts as horizontal separations ,covering spaces
(above top floors)
-fire and heat insulator
-act as ceiling to the beneath floor

 The space between the floor and ceiling can be

used to place building equipment and materials.
Stairs
Definition: A series of flights of steps for
passing from one level to another.

“To create, one must first question

everything.” – Eileen Gray
 Definition: A series of flights of steps for passing from one level to another.

 There are several types of staircase which including:

 Straight staircase Winder staircase
 L-shaped staircase Spiral staircase
 U-shaped staircase Curved staircase
 Quarter landing staircase

 In this project, reinforced concrete L-shaped staircase is constructed.

 Advantages:
-fire resisting
-can be moulded in any desired form
-long- lasting, strong ,pleasing in appearance
-can be pre-cast or even cast-in-situ
ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistic

ation.” – Leonardo da Vinci
Wall
Definition : Any various permanent upright constructions having a
length much greater than the thickness and presenting a
continuous surface
 Function

 -shelter
-to support floor, roof
-protection
-to fence in an area
-privacy
-to subdivide interior space

 Materials used :bricks ,stones

,mud, concrete block, laterite
blocks

 Types of walls:
1.load-bering wall
2.non load-bearing wall
 For this project:
-masonry wall (the wall is built by the
arrangement of bricks)
-arranged in horizontal form and
slanted at upper layer
-bricks are cemented together with
mortar
Openings

“There are 360 degrees, so why stick to

one?” – Zaha Hadid
 Functions
-provide light
-climate control
-ventilation
-design elements of facades
-communication between
indoor and outdoor spaces

 Lintels are constructed just

above the openings
(example: stone slab,
concrete slab)

 Cill is the part of the wall

just below the window

 Types of opening:
1.doors
2.windows
WINDOW
 Filled with glass in the wall of the
building

 To allow light and ventilation go inside

the interior

 Material :
-wood
-aluminium
-pvc
-fibreglass
Door
– Types of door
1.Interior door
2.Exterior door
– Interior door: -connected between rooms and rooms
-provide thermal control and privacy
-provide fire resistance
– Exterior door: -thicker and more robust
- provide access and egress through enclosing
fabric
-provide natural daylight to the interior
-weathered at bottom to shed surface water
 FINISHING

“I don’t know why people hire architect

s and then tell them what to do.” – Fran
k Gehry
 FINISHING

WALL CEILING
FLOOR FINISHING
FINISHING FINISHING

POLISHED PLASTER PLAIN

PORCELAIN TILES FINISHING PLASTERING
FLOOR FINISHING
ADVANTAGES OF USING PORCELAIN TILES

• Its glossy and smooth nature.

• The polished porcelain surface can reflect more into the
building, resulting in less energy consumption for artificial
lighting
• Improve the lux reading in a building.
• The installation time also took only two days which can
cut the cost of obtaining the workmen for the installation.
• More durable
• More resistant to moisture
WALL FINISHING
ADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTER FINISHING

• Help the light to travel around the house.

• Lowering the temperature in the house by absorbing the
excess heat inside the house.
• Ease the house user to decorate or paint on the wall.
• Cheap
• Easy to maintain
CEILING FINISHING
ADVANTAGES OF USING PLAIN PLASTERING

• Give the house a very tranquil feeling.

• Good ventilation and lighting
• Reduce the amount of energy significantly because of the
smooth surface throughout the house.
 SERVICES
“One of the great beauties of architectu
re is that each time, it is like life starting
all over again.” – Renzo Piano
WIRING:-
• The wiring is concealed between the
walls and organized by using PVC pipe.
• The concealed wiring will make the
interior look tidy and organized,
providing a more spacious and
unobstructed spaces
• Hacking is not needed as the wire work
are done with the building of walls
• The house has a 2 different electrical
box, one for the ground floor and
another for the first floor (This system
will avoid the first floor to be affected if
there short circuit happen on the
ground floor and vice versa)
PLUMBING SYSTEM:-
• The water tank is placed on a flat roof that
is welly hidden by the roof.
• The interior of the first floor there is an
opening which allow maintenance and
cleaning of the water tank if necessary.
(increase the aesthetic value of the
building as the tank is well designed and is
not visible from the exterior or interior)
• The plumbing system are all connected to a
main pipe hidden behind a corner which
excreted the wastes.
• A vent pipe is added, this is to avoid odour
coming from the floor trap by prompting
ventilation through the pipe.
Site waste managem
ent
 “The mother art is architecture. Without an
architecture of our own we have no soul of
our own civilization.” – Frank Lloyd Wright
• All of the waste above have their own type
of material that require a very good plan
on how to manage the waste itself.
• This is because some of the materials can
be reuse or recycle such as the bricks and
also the formwork.
• There are several type of waste that we
have identified in the construction project.
We have class these waste into three
different class.
i. Building materials
ii. Dredging materials
iii. The hazardous waste
TYPE OF WASTE
 SCAFFOLDING

My work is not about “form follows functio

n”, but “form follows beauty” or, even better
, “form follows feminine”. – Oscar Niemeyer
• Scaffolding is a temporary structure used to
support a work crew and materials to aid in
the construction, maintenance and repair of
buildings, bridges and all other man-made
structures.
• Help the worker to get access to high areas.
• There are three basic type of the scaffolds that
are being use in the construction work.
i. Supported scaffolds, which consist of
one or more platforms
supported by rigid, load- bearing
members, such as poles, legs,
frames, outriggers, etc.
ii. Suspended scaffolds, which are one or
more platforms suspended by ropes or
other non-rigid, overhead support.
iii. Other scaffolds, principally man lifts,
personnel hoists, etc, which are
sometimes thought of as vehicles or
machinery, but can be regarded as
another type of supported scaffold
 FORMWORK
Whatever good things we build en
d up building us. – Jim Rohn
 TIMBER FORMWORK
• A formwork should be sufficiently strong to withstand
both live and dead load.
• Formwork should be tightly joined to prevent any kind of
leakage of the cement casting.
• The disadvantage of the plywood formwork is that it
could only be reused a couple of time only before it will
deform (often used maximum 3 times only, before it is
disposed)
Progress photos
Architecture is a visual art and the buildi
ngs speak for themselves.
– Julia Morgan
EXAMPLE OF SUMMARY
REPORT

Architecture is the learned game correc

t and magnificent of forms assembled i
n the light. – Le Corbusier
EXAMPLE OF WORK PR
OGRAM REPORT

Good buildings come from good people

and all problems are solved by good de
sign. – Stephen Gardiner
EXAMPLE OF PROJECT
CONTROL

Each new situation requires a new

architecture. – Jean Nouvel
Thank you from us
Muaz Bin Muhammad Nidzam
Beh Ming Yi
Nur Fadhilah Binti Taha
Chan Kei Wern
Khoo Shi Yen

One of the great beauties of architectur

e is that each time it is like life starting a
ll over again. – Renzo Piano