Knowledge Economy

Qarib
Javid
Nurkhan
Knowledge Economy
• A Knowledge Economy (KE) is one that utilizes knowledge as the key
engine of economic growth. It is an economy where knowledge is a
quired, created, disseminated and used effectively to enhance
economic development.
 The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy

Education & Training

Information Infrastructure

Economic Incentive & Institutional Regime

Innovation Systems
The most recent version of the KAM, KAM 2005, is able to
provide assessments of a country or region position in terms
the Knowledge Economy on:

• A global scale, when compared to all 128 countries that are available in the KAM
database;
• A regional scale, when compared with countries in the same region
• The basis of human development, when compared with other countries in the
same category of human development and
• The basis on income levels, when compared with other countries of the same
income level category
FDI Performance Index
The International Monetary Fund defines foreign direct investment
(FDI) as an investment that allows an investor to have a significant
voice in the management of an enterprise operating outside the
investor’s own country. The phrase “significant voice” usually means
ownership of 10 per cent or more of the ordinary shares or voting
power (for an incorporated enterprise) or the equivalent (for an
unincorporated enterprise). This may involve either creating an
entirely new enterprise—a so-called greenfield investment—or, more
typically, changing the ownership of existing enterprises, via mergers
and acquisitions. Other types of financial transactions between
related enterprises, such as reinvesting the earnings of the FDI
enterprise, are also defined as FDI.
Denmark

Australia

U.K.

France

U.S.

Finland
Knowledge Economic Incentive
Economy Index - Regime Index - Score
(index (0 = lowest & 10 = highest), weighted by
Score population)
(index
1. (0Sweden
= lowest & 10 = highest),
9.43 weighted 1. Singapore 9.66
by population)
2. Finland 9.33 2. Finland 9.65
3. Denmark 9.16 3. Denmark 9.63
4. Netherlands 9.11 4. Sweden 9.58
5. Norway 9.11 5. Hong Kong, China 9.57
6. New Zealand 9.97 6. Switzerland 9.54
7. Canada 8.92 7. Canada 9.52
8. Germany 8.90 8. Norway 9.47
9. Australia 8.88 9. Luxembourg 9.45
10. Switzerland 8.87 10. Austria 9.26
Knowledge economy index
 South Korea Singapore Spain

KE Index 29 23 21

Ease of Doing 5 2 30
Business
R&D Costs 6 26 16

Innovation Index 21 5 25
 Index Numbers

Ease of Ease of
KEI doing R&D Innovation KEI doing R&D Innovation
Singapore 8.26 85.5 2.1 9.5 Spain 8.35 77.7 1.2 8.2

Ease of
KEI doing R&D Innovation
South Korea 7.97 84.2 4.3 8.8
 South Korea Singapore Spain

Tax Compettiveness
26 - 23
Rank

Tax Competitiveness
59.5 - 60.3
Index
 Singapore

A lucrative market for all 

As of 2016, Singapore's medtech industry was worth 
more than $ 3 billion USD, and the government aims to grow the
sector considerably. The country already hosts a number of
international medtech manufacturers and facilitates 
public-private partnerships for companies looking to connect with
academics and researchers in their areas of expertise. Singapore
also serves as a gateway to the broader Asia-Pacific market, which
offers high growth potential in the next several years, making it
particularly attractive to startups and global multinationals alike.
Both find a favorable welcome in the city-state, which in the past
has pledged tens of millions of dollars to medtech startups
operating there.
 South Korea

South Korea’s Biotech Industry Projected to

$23.2 Billion by 2022, According to Industry
Report

In an Aug. 7, 2019 press release, GlobalData, a

data and analytics company, reported that South
Korea’s plans to invest more than $1.7 billion in its
biotechnology and biopharmaceutical sectors over
the next five years will attract foreign investment
as the country’s pharmaceutical market is set to
grow from nearly $19.5 billion in 2018 to more
than $23.2 billion by 2022.
Patents - WIPO
• Asia is the hub of global patent filings
• Asia has strengthened its position as the region with the greatest
activity in patent filings. Offices located in Asia received two-thirds
(66.8%) of all applications filed worldwide in 2018 – a considerable
increase from 50.8% in 2008 – primarily driven by growth in China.
Offices located in North America accounted for just under one-fifth
(19%) of the 2018 world total, while those in Europe accounted for
just over one-tenth (10.9%). The combined share of offices located in
Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Oceania was 3.3% in
2018.
South Korea Singapore Spain
 Ease of
KEI doing R&D Innovation Ease of
KEI doing R&D Innovation
Sweden 9.4 81.2 3.1 9.7 Australia 8.92 86.9 2.12 8.92
Denmark 9.2 86.6 3.0 9.5 New
8.66 86.5 1.1 8.66
Zealand
Finland 9.3 80.3 3.1 9.7

Ease of Ease of
KEI doing R&D Innovation KEI doing R&D Innovation
China 8.5 84.2 2.2 9.1 France 8.2 77.2 2.2 8.7

Ease of Ease of
KEI doing R&D Innovation KEI doing R&D Innovation
US 8.7 82.7 2.7 9.46 UK 8.7 82.6 1.6 9.1
Top Universities in Biological sciences
 Competitors
AvantiumLocation: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Location: St-Beauzire, France
Metabolic Explorer
Location: Evry, France
Global Bioenergies Location: Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Photanol
CarbiosLocation: St-Beauzire, France
GF Biochemicals
AMSilkLocation: Planegg, Germany
Location: Geleen, The Netherlands & Milan, Italy
Location: Berlin, Germany & Beit Yizhak, Israel
Algalife
Afyren Location: Saint-Beauzire, France
PILILocation: Paris, France
JellagenLocation: Cardiff, UK
Location: Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Aquaporin
Location: Lisbon, Portugal
Biomimetx
Location: Marseille, France
Gene & Green TK North
France Netherlands Germany UK Europe
DeinoveLocation: Grabels, France 8 2 2 2 6
AgrosavfeLocation: Ghent, Belgium
Location: Toulouse, France
Micropep Technologies
Oxitec Location: Abingdon, UK
BiopheroLocation: Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
MetgenLocation: Kaarina, Finland
Thanks
The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy 

The following pillars are four critical requisites for a country to be able to fully participate in the knowledge economy:

Education & Training

An educated and skilled population is needed to create, share and use knowledge.

Information Infrastructure
A dynamic information infrastructure-ranging from radio to the internet-is required to facilitate the effective communication,
dissemination and processing of information.

Economic Incentive & Institutional Regime

A regulatory and economic environment that enables the free flow of knowledge, supports investment in Information and
Communications Technology (ICT), and encourages entrepreneurship is central to the knowledge economy.

Innovation Systems
A network of research centers, universities, think tanks, private enterprises and community groups is necessary to tap into
the growing stock of global knowledge, assimilate and adapt it to local needs,
and create new knowledge.