A eutectic or eutectic mixture is a mixture of two or more elements

which has a lower melting point than any of its constituents. The proper
ratios of components to obtain a eutectic alloy is identified by the
eutectic point on a phase diagram. The term comes from the Greek
'eutektos', meaning 'easily melted.'
 Gibbs' phase rule
In chemistry, Gibbs' phase rule describes the possible number of degrees
of freedom (F) in a closed system at equilibrium, in terms of the number of
separate phases (P) and the number of chemical constituents (C) in the
system. It was deduced from thermodynamic principles by Josiah Willard
Gibbs in the 1870s.
The (intensive) variables needed to describe the system are Pressure,
Temperature and the relative mole fractions X of the components in each
phase ie PC+2-P in total.
The key thermodynamics result is that at equilibrium the Gibbs free energy
change for small transfers of mass between phases is zero. This requires
the chemical potentials for a component to be the same in every phase.
There are thus C(P-1) such thermodynamic equations of constraint on the
system.
Gibbs' rule then follows, as:
– F = C − P + 2.
Where F is the number of degrees of freedom, C the number of chemical
constituents, and P is the number of phases that cannot be shared.