Outlining the Concepts Applied

Across SAP ERP Applications

Organizational Levels
• The enterprise structure of a company is mapped to SAP applications
using organizational units.
• Organizational units represent the enterprise structure in terms of
legal or business-related purposes.
• Organizational units include legal company entities, plants, storage
locations, sales offices, and profit centers.
Organizational Levels
• The following list gives examples of organizational levels as follows:
• Client is the highest-level unit of all organizational elements. It represents the enterprise or
headquarters group.
• Company code is a unit used in the balance sheet of a legally independent enterprise. It is the
central organizational element of Financial Accounting (FI).
• Sales organization is the central organizational element of Sales and Distribution that controls
the terms of sale to the customer. A division is usually used to represent a product line.
• Plant is the central organizational unit in the context of production planning. A plant can
manufacture product, distribute product, or provide a service.
• Material stocks can be differentiated within one plant according to the storage location in the
context of inventory management.
• Organizational units may be assigned to a single application or to several applications. For
example, a sales organization is assigned to Sales and Distribution, while a plant is assigned to
materials management, production planning, and sales.
Organizational level terminology
Master Data
• Master data is created and assigned to organizational structures at
various levels.
• Master data is created centrally and can be used by all applications
and all authorized users for many business processes. Examples of
master data in SAP include customers, materials, and vendors.
Customer Master Data
• A customer master contains key information that defines the business
relationship between a company and it’s customer.
• Master data supports the execution of key business processes such as
customer orders, deliveries, invoices, and payments.
• Master data also has an organizational aspect because the data is
organized into views that are assigned to different organizational
elements.
Customer Master Data
• The customer master in the figure is organized into the following
views, each of which is located at a different organizational level:
• General data (client)
• Financial data (company code)
• Sales data (sales area)
• All company codes can use the data defined at the client level. The
accounts receivable general ledger account is assigned at the company
code level. This means that from a financial point of view, a customer
may have a specific accounts receivable number in all company codes.
Master Data Example – Customer Master
Material Master Data
• The material master contains the information that a company needs
to manage a type of material.
• The material master defines how a product is sold, manufactured,
purchased, inventoried, and costed.
• The information in the material master is grouped into views that are
organized by business function.
Master Data Example - Material
Master
Personnel Record- Master Data
• SAP ERP Human Capital Management (SAP ERP HCM) enables you to
quickly and efficiently map your current organizational and reporting
structure to its organizational objects.
• The organizational objects include organizational units, jobs,
positions, and tasks.
Master Data Example -
Personnel Record
Transactions
• Transactions are application programs that execute business processes in the SAP ERP
system. Whenever possible, master data is copied during transaction processing to avoid
reentry of data. For example, when you execute the Create Sales Order transaction, you
must enter the customer master number. This number is copied into all the relevant
customer information. Similarly, when you enter the material master numbers for the
items being ordered, the relevant material data is copied into the sales order.
• In addition, when performing each transaction, you must enter the applicable
organizational units. For example, when you specify the sales organization information,
the appropriate sales organization and sales statistics are updated. Similarly, the
designation of the plant and storage location determines the location for product
sourcing.
• When you execute a business process transaction in the system and save it, a document is
created. This document is a record of the transaction, and contains all the predefined
information from the master data and organizational elements.
• A document is generated for each business process transaction carried out in SAP ERP.
Transactions
Reporting and Analytics
• Information is created as a result of processing business transactions
in SAP ERP Central Component.
• You can access this information in reports available in SAP ERP Central
Component, or you can create your own report with information
pulled from SAP Business Warehouse.
Reporting and Analytics
SAP List Viewer and ALV Grid Control

• SAP List Viewer and ALV grid control standardize, and simplify the handling of lists in
SAP ERP. There is a uniform user interface and list format for lists that helps you to
avoid redundant functions. You can use ALV grid control not only in list displays (for
example, the list of material documents) but also in other transactions (for example,
purchase requisition).
• Not all lists use the full range of SAP List Viewer functions. Some lists offer special
functions above the scope of SAP List Viewer. You can change the appearance and
content of the lists using the layout (display variant) button.
• The key elements of SAP List Viewer and ALV grid control are as follows:
• Uniform design of all lists and tables
• Cross-application and standardized function with uniform icons
• Creation and modification of layouts
SAP List Viewer and ALV Grid Control
Logistics Information System
(LIS)
• The LIS offers a range of application-related (modular) information
systems.
• All information systems have a standard interface and provide similar
basic functions. At the same time, the modular structure also caters
to special aspects in each information system.
• The type of data retention is identical in all information systems
within the LIS.
• A number of special tools and working methods underscore the
typical character of a data warehouse in the LIS.
In the LIS, you can distinguish
between the following information
systems:
• Sales Information System (SIS)
• Purchasing Information System (PURCHIS)
• Inventory Controlling (INVCO)
• Warehouse Management Information System (WMIS)
• Shop Floor Information System (SFIS)
• Quality Management Information System (QMIS)
• Plant Maintenance Information System (PMIS)
• Retail Information System (RIS)
Logistics Information System
(LIS)
SAP Easy Access Interface
SAP GUI
SAP GUI
Using Transaction Codes

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