NTIPRIT

Frequency Plans For Microwave

Subhash Chand
Director( WT)

National Telecommunication Institute for Policy Research, Innovation and Training

Ghaziabad – 201002. www.ntiprit.gov.in
Frequency Plans For Microwave
 Frequency Plans For Microwave
CONTENTS
1. AN INTRODUCTION TO CCIR.

2. RADIO REGULATION

3. FREQUENCY PLANNING & CHANNEL ARRANGEMENTS

4. FREQENCY SPECTRUM UTILIZATION

 CCIR & its Role
CCIR is
INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE.

1.CCIR is one of the committee set up by ITU for Formulating norms for
users of wireless system all over the world.

2. India is a member of ITU and represented at CCIR also.

3.CCIR appoints various Study Groups(SGs) for studying various

subjects concerning Radio Communications and recommending the
resolution to be adopted by the plenary session of the CCIR.

4. Interesting to note- How particular text in CCIR Volume is numbered

successively. e.g., Recommendation 253 indicates that the original
text is still current, 253-1 indicates,original text undergone one
modification and 253-2 , undergone two modifications
 Radio Regulation-IFRB
IFRB is
INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY REGULATION
BOARD.

1.IFRB is another organ of ITU.

2.Radio regulations is their publication.
3.IFRB is administrative , whereas CCIR is
technical.

4.IFRB –organizes Periodical World Administrative

Radio Conferences- to formulate the
Regulations
 Radio Regulation-IFRB
Every Frequency used by any Agency in the world is
Registered in the Master International
Frequency Register Maintained by IFRB.
WPC – Wireless Planning and Coordination wing of
DOT does this in india. WPC issues necessary
authorization notes and notifies the IFRB for
making an entry in master register.
- Every wireless operation including including
those of P&T ,the railways,Civil Aviation,
Defence etc have got to be registered with IFRB.
 Frequency Planning
Microwave Communications are usually above
1 GHZ.

ITU allocated use of Radio Frequencies for-

-Communication (Terrestrial & satellite)

-Radio Location
-Navigation
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
 Many of these bands are used extensively.

 Some of the bands are relatively less exploited

due to availability of equipment etc.,

 Choice of Frequency for any spectrum depends

on- loss , antenna gain, previous usage,
interference potential, availability of Eqpt.,

ex: Atmospheric noise is higher at lower

frequencies, compared to higher frequencies
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
 Major parameters which govern the choice of
Frequency for LOS( >1 GHZ) are-
-Fading depth
-Fading Characterstics
-Rain Attenuation
-Feeder Losses
-Antenna gain

Path loss varies as square of frequency and gain

of antenna also varies as square of frequency.
Higher frequencies do suffer from larger Fading.
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
Choice of Frequency Bands for Various Capacities
of MW Systems:
In 1962 MW was in embryo stage in india.
The then Ministry of Transport and Communication
set up adhoc committee to consider the question
of utilization of radio frequencies above 30 MHZ.
Committee furnished report in 1963, following
frequency chuncks were allocated to P &T MW
band :
1700-2100 MHZ scater mode propagation
2100-2300
3700-4200
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
5925-6425 for LOS links
7425-7725
10700-11700

CCIR recommends:
> 2 GHZ band for 60,120,300 and 600-1800 chl
sys
> 6 GHZ for 1800 channel system
>7 GHZ for 60, 120, 300 channel systems.
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
Taking into accounts various factors the
following gives some of the trends at frequency
usage in india :

1. Longhaul wideband systems- 4 and 6 GHZ

2.Longhaul Narrow band systems- 2 GHZ
3.Shorthaul Narrow band systems-7 & 13 GHZ
4.Shorthaul Wideband systems-11 & 12 GHZ
 Frequency Planning
Radio Frequency Bands
 L 1-2 GHz
 S 2-4 GHz

 C 4-8 GHz

 X 8-12 GHz

 Ku 12-18 GHz

 K 18-27 GHz

 Ka 27-40 GHz

 V 40-75 GHz

 W 75-110 GHz
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
-On many routes more than One RF channels are worked to get
more capacity.

-There is also need for standby channels for protection switching

purposes.

- CCIR has evolved frequency channels arrangements ensuring

the interference between the different RF channels is kept to a
minimum.

-In all frequecy bands there are certain common features which
are adopted to reduce equipment complexity and interference.
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
These Feature are:-
1. All ‘GO’ channels are in one half of band
2. All return channels are in other half of the band.
3. This is done to reduce near end interference. (there are
exceptions to this.)
4. Usually common antenna are used for transmit and
receive channels.
5. In adjacent hops the transmit channels from one repeater
in both directions are in the same half of band, to reduce
interference due to back coupling.
6. Adjacent Channels in the same direction should have
different polarization, to reduce far end interference
 Frequency Planning (cntd..)
Feature X(contd):-
7. The adjacent channel spacing should be such that
the influence due to bandwidth restriction is
small and adjacent channel interference is also
kept low.
Frequency Plan for 6 G Hz Digital M/W Systems
( 6425-7110 M Hz )

Lower Fr in M Hz Upper Fr in M Hz
Band Band
1,1x 6460 1’,1’x 6800
2,2x 6500 2’.2’x 6840
3,3x 6540 3’,3’x 6880
4,4x 6580 4’,4’x 6920
5,5x 6620 5’,5’x 6960
6, 6x 6660 6’,6’x 7000
7,7x 6700 7’,7’x 7040
8,8x 6740 8’,8’x 7080
 Frequency Spectrum Utilization
Factors which affect the frequency spectrum
utilization are:-

1. Choice of the most appropriate frequency

2. Technique of utilization of frequency band as per
system capacity
3. Field of application: Shorthaul, longhaul,
Junction working
Frequency Spectrum Utilization
Frequency Spectrum Utilization
Thank You !!