Present-day Energy use

-Primary Energy: Ten-fold increase during 20th century

Contribution from Renewable

Energy is only 18 %

Percentage contributions
of various energy sources
to world primary energy consumption
Estimated percentage contributions to world renewable energy supplies

How long will the world’s fossil fuel reserve last?

Coal 200 years

Oil 40 years
Natural gas 60 years
 World Production of oil and gas

Need to increase portion

from renewable energy
Fossil Fuels and Climate Change
Current use of fossil fuels: many adverse consequence
Air pollution, acid rain, and the depletion of natural resoruces

 Global climate change: most important (by ‘greenhouse gases’)

¨If the earth had no atmosphere, surface average temperature would be -18 oC.
’green house gas’Earth’s surface 15 oC

(Hawaii)
 Greenhouse Effect
¨Rise in temperature that the Earth experience
Certain gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,
and methane..)
Without these gases, heat would escape back into space
and Earth’s temperature would be about 60 oF colder
Green house to grow plants
Global Atomospheric Concentration of CO2
CO
CO22 Emissions
Emissions of
of Fossil
Fossil Energy
Energy Carrier
Carrier
 ¨The energy used by the final consumers
:Result of series of energy conversion

Primary energy: The energy released when the coal is burned

Delivered energy: The amount of electricity reaching the consumer

Useful energy: After further losses in the tank and pipes

UK primary energy by fuel, and delivered energy by fuel, sector and end use, 2000
 Renewable Energy Sources

Non-solar power

Various forms of Renewable Energy

 Solar Energy: Direct Use

 Using Solar Collectors-Provide hot water or space heating

Solar Thermal Energy Conversion

:’Solar-electric power station’Mirrors to provide high-temperature heat

Solar Photovoltaics
:converted directly into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) module,
Normally mounted on the roofs or facades of building