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Major Questions in Philosophy Explained

This document discusses doing philosophy and identifies its major questions. It examines four key questions: [1] What is real? It discusses theories of reality and knowledge. [2] How can we be certain? It explores epistemology and skepticism. [3] What is our purpose? It analyzes causality, determinism, etiology and teleology. [4] How should we live? It examines ethics and moral philosophy. The document provides overviews of these branches of philosophy and the concepts they involve.

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Christine Sena
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94 views14 pages

Major Questions in Philosophy Explained

This document discusses doing philosophy and identifies its major questions. It examines four key questions: [1] What is real? It discusses theories of reality and knowledge. [2] How can we be certain? It explores epistemology and skepticism. [3] What is our purpose? It analyzes causality, determinism, etiology and teleology. [4] How should we live? It examines ethics and moral philosophy. The document provides overviews of these branches of philosophy and the concepts they involve.

Uploaded by

Christine Sena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNI T 2 :

DO I N G
P H ILO SO P
HY
LESSON OBJECTIVE:

1. Identify the major questions


of philosophy
2. Discuss the branches of
philosophy that deal with those
questions.
3. Realize the value of doing
Philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective in life.
Complete the following
statements:

Without ___________,
Life would be a ___________.
1. Can these a statements be
considered philosophies?
2. Can Philosophy help you clarify
and define these statements?
Why?
• Some of the major questions that
Philosophers ponder upon.

1.QUESTI
WHAT IS REAL?
ON OF
RALITY
Reality- refers to the state of existence of
things independent of human consciousness. It
includes physical things that we see, feel, taste,
and smell, as well as things that we cannot easily
perceive and comprehend.
Reality divided into most general
categories

1. CONCRETE REALITY-
Persons, Physical Objects
and Events.
2. ABSTRACT REALITY-
Numbers, Classes, States,
Qualities, and Relations.
2.QUESTION OF CERTAINTY

ARE THE THINGS THAT WE KNOW ARE


TRUE?

Certainty- refers to perfect knowledge


that is free from error or doubt.
Theories of Knowledge
1. Rationalism- believes that
knowledge are based on pure
reasoning without the benefit of any
experience.
2. Empiricism- Knowledge gained from
experience
3. Skepticism- established truths and
believes that the mind has limits in
perceiving and understanding reality.
4. Epistemology- Branch of Philosophy
which deals with the nature and
extent.
3.QUESTION OF CAUSALITY

WHAT IS OUR PURPOSE IN THIS WORLD?

Causality- causes of the events and


phenomena. Examining events in the
context of a cause-and-effect relationship.
Concept of Causality
1. ORIGIN of things-Where it
came from?
2. PURPOSE-Explanation of things
function or goal
3. AGENCY- Capacity of man to
govern or control his actions
Important perspective regarding
causality and agency:

DETERMINISM- each event is


determined or influenced by a
specific set of events or factors.

ETIOLOGY and Teleology-


Branches of Philosophy which deals
with the question of purpose.
4. QUESTION OF ETHICS

HOW SHOULD ONE LIVE HIS OR HER LIFE?

Ethics- deals with the standard of right


and wrong which define human behavior.
ETHICS or MORAL PHILOSOPHY

-Branch of philosophy that seeks to


apply and analyze these concepts in
various situations, contexts, and
cultures, and recommends guidelines
that will govern the decisions and
actions of people.
QUESTIONS??

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