1st SE

S.Y.20 M.
22-
2023

PD
Theo S/M-311
ries
of Le: Philosop
PHILOSOPHY:NATURE,SCOPE and arnin h
g and ical and
Teac Psycho
Its IMPORTANCE an d
Scien
ce
hin g l
Math ogical
e m at
ics

Presen
te d by: S
ONNY
P. DE LE
LOHB ON
 e Pu rp o se…
me n ts of th
Stat e

After the session, participants will be able to

understand the nature, scope and importance
of Philosophy. They will also able to do the
following:
explain the nature, scope and
importance of Philosophy in the light of
its relation to other disciplines
 distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial
point of view
 describe the areas of Philosophy
2
 share a philosophical reflections on a concrete situation
ACTIVITY No.2

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
A
 co m ic v ideo…
: L et ’s w atch a
Activity 1

“Six Blind Men and the Elephant”

Holistic Vs Partial
(Perspective views)
 Did anyone among the blind men
give the correct answer? Why or
why not?
 What do you think is the writer
trying to say in this story? 5
  One cannot simply
Y … divorce himself
LO S O PH from Philosophy.
U RE O F PHI
NAT
 The moment someo
ne starts asking
anything about his envir
onment,
I AM PHILOSOPHIZING. himself and his society
that is
philosophy.

6
 TU R E O F
NA Y …
S OP H
PHILO
Philosophizing…

Philosophical Method Philosophical Activity

• Induction
The basic knowledge we know from
• Deduction ourselves… Curiousit Doubt
• Analysis y
I am alive. Why am I alive? Am I alive?
• Synthesis I have body. Why I have body? Do I have body?
• Dialectical method I can breathe. Why can I breathe? Can I breathe?
 IL OS O P H Y…  It is in the nature of
UR E O F PH
NAT Philosophy that a person
inquires for the meaning of
himself and the world around
“That human being is one with the
him.
universe, everything that happens in
the universe will ultimately affect
man and everything that man does  It inquires about the
will affect the universe.” entire breadth of reality
-Taoist- and gives a purely rational
explanation of its totality.
“It is a holistic view that sees the world
as interconnected, interdependent and
integrated in so many different ways”

-Dennis Kueinich-
8
 ea ns to be a
y 2: W ha t it m
Activit r?
Philosophe

1. When you describe someone as “PILOSOPO”,

what do you mean?

2. How do you feel when someone calls you

“PILOSOPO”? Why do you feel that way?

9
Let’s Analyze…
 il o so p h er…
sop o ” o r Ph
“Pilo

“Socrates and all other philosophers are ugly and unkempt”

-Aristophanes-
“Big tongue and they teach young rebellious thoughts that
encourage them to beat their fathers”
-Nurshaum (1997)-
“Only some people who are creative thinkers, having power of
analysis of truths, and having the ability to make abstract of
theories are able to be competent for the title of philosopher”
-Aristotle- 10
Let’s deepen our understanding…(abstraction)
 h il o so p h er…
sop o ” o r P
“Pil o

“Pilosopo” refers to someone…

1. Asks a lot of questions

2. Judged as nonsense/ out of this world

3. Plays with words/ twists commonsensical reasonings that

may become funny
4. Trying to get attention by annoying others
Let’s deepen our understanding… 11
Is Socrates really a philosopher or pilosopo?
 According to Pythagoras …
(invented the term “philosophy”)
h ilo so p h y ?
What is P Three (3) types of man:

It serves as…
1. A Lover of pleasure
• Framework of all knowledge (branches/areas)
2. A Lover of success
• Invaluable for acquiring the skill of critical 3. A Lover of wisdom
thinking that is a mark of a well educated
person
WHAT IS LOVE OF
• Way of integrating knowledge WISDOM?
 It gives the impression of someone who
• Love of wisdom is seeking wisdom not one who has
found it.
 Desire to know what you really want to 12
know
 h ilo so p h y ?
What is P
e n ce …
sS c i
p hy a
h il o s o
P

13
Let’s go further…(abstraction)
 h ilo sop h y ?
What is P h i ngs
f all t
nc e o
s Sc ie
ph y a
ilos o
 Ph
…

14
Let’s go further…(abstraction)
 h i lo so p h y?
What is P o n …
of R e as
l i ght
a t ur al
phy as N
We investigate using our
i l o s o
natural capacity to think  Ph
or simply human reason
alone.

15
Let’s go further…(abstraction)
 Ph i lo so p h y?
What is g s …
o f a l l thin
tudy
phy as S
il o s o
 Ph

16
Let’s go further…(abstraction)
 Pic z S oun d
vit y 3 …Ur
Acti
Familiar!

Identify the names/symbols/expressions(sounds alike)

of the following pictures. Then, combine them to create
a new word.
(note: English/Tagalog)

17
1. Philosophy

2. Epistemology

3.
Iodine
symbol 6 Metaphysics

4. Axiology

Logic
5. Scope of Philosophy 18
(Areas)
Major Branches and other Areas of Philosophy 19

t em ol og y …
1.Epis
Two Greek Terms:
Episteme – knowledge
Logy – science/study
Scope of Philosophy (Areas)
The study of knowledge
The most fundamental branch of philosophy
(falsehood; validity, limits and nature of knowledge)
It is concerned with how our minds are
related to reality and whether these
relationships are valid and invalid
It studies the evaluative dimensions of
cognition, their metaphysical basis and
language.
20
 mol og y … “Our senses and reasoning are the sources
1.Episte
of our knowledge to determine how we
form concepts and ideas”
Some questions that
epistemology deals with:
a. What is knowledge? - EMPIRISM and
RATIONALISM -
b. Is knowledge acquired
exclusively through
senses or by some other
means?
c. How do we know that
what we perceive
through our senses is
correct?

Scope of Philosophy (Areas)

21
 IMPORTANCE…
 It is needed to use and obtain knowledge of the
world around us
mol og y …
1.Episte  We will not able to determine the true from false.

 No reason to believe our thinking was productive

or correct
Since
epistemology  The degree w/c our epistemology is correct is the
explains how we degree to w/c we could understand reality and the
think…so without degree to w/c we could use that knowledge is to
promote our lives and goals.
it we could not
think.

Scope of Philosophy (Areas)

22
 The study of existence (beings & Being)
The one that arises our curiousity
t a ph y s ics …
2.Me Queen of all sciences
Foundation of “world” view (abstract &
physical)
Greek words: Synonymous to transcendental,theological
“ta meta ta and supernatural
physika biblia”
(the book that
follows physics book)

Scope of Philosophy (Areas)

23
 Two (2) Major Areas…

1. Ontology- assume the existence of objects,

t a ph y s ics …
2.Me properties, space and time

Some questions that

metaphysics deals with: 2. Metaphysical Cosmology- totality of all
a. What is the ultimate phenomena in space and time
reality?
b. Is reality one or many
different things?
c. Can reality be
grasped by the senses
or is it
transcendental?

Scope of Philosophy (Areas)

24
 IMPORTANCE…

Since it is foundation of philosophy…

t a ph y s ics …
2.Me without it we can not explain/interpret of
the world around us and do not know
how to deal with it.

Scope of Philosophy (Areas)

25
 The study of values (morality or human act)
Nine (9) types of values:
. Ax i olo g y … 1. Health 4. Economic value 7.Aesthetic
3 2. Body 5. Social 8.Intellectual
3. Recreational Value 6. Moral 9.Religion

It is concerned w/ discovering the principles that

Greek word:
should govern human conduct involving value
“Ethos”- ethics
judgment or standards as we use or propose to
Latin word:
“Mores”
judge such things.
(goodness,badness,rightness & wrongness,duties and obligations)
(customs, character,
usages and habits)

Scope of Philosophy (Areas) 26

 IMPORTANCE…
It is a requirement for human life
. Ax i olo g y …
3
It is our means of deciding a course of action

Some questions that Without it, our actions would be random and aimless
axiology deals with:
a. What is morally
right?
Basis that we can not separate state from church.
b. Are there any
objective standards of
right and wrong?
c. Are moral values
absolute or relative?

Scope of Philosophy (Areas) 27

  Study of correct reasoning (arguments)

Process of reasoning…(premises ; conclusion)

4.Logic…
Aspects of Reasoning:
1. Aspect of matter/content
2. Aspect of form

Classical Greek word: Basic tool that philosophers use to investigate reality
“Logos”

Scope of Philosophy (Areas) 28

 IMPORTANCE…
1. Reasoning makes us more rational than other animals.
4.Logic… 2. When we reason we are likely to arrive at a justifiable truth
3. By getting to truth, we acquire knowledge.
Some questions that logic 4. It helps us to avoid vagueness and ambiguity.
deals with:
a. What makes an 5. It saves time. (e.g. communication & expressions)
argument valid or
invalid? 6. Reasoning well helps us to avoid unnecessary conflicts.
b. What is sound
argument? 7. Reasoning helps us to communicate logically.
c. What is the difference
between truth and
validity?

Scope of Philosophy (Areas) 29

 ic a t io n …
Appl 1. As an educator, what is philosophy?

2. How important are these four (4) areas of

philosophy in the teaching-learning process of a
certain course/discipline?
Activity 4: Let’s Reflect!
3. Explain the following misconceptions about
philosophy.
a. Philosophers disagree with one another.
b. Philosophy makes no progress.
c. Philosophy deals only with abstraction, not
with anything of practical value.

30
 Closure:
The Essence of Philosophy…
Than
k you
 Strengthens one’s reasoning power, common sense listen f or
and knowledge about abstract things like God, soul, parti i n g and
mind and the concrete things such as Matter, Earth, cipat
Substance, Existence, Understanding and ing !
Existence…
God B
 It is wrong to say, that philosophy is not boring le ss & S
tay Sa
subject but it is an interesting domain which teaches f e Us A
ll.
us how to live life worthily.
 It is right to say…Everyone is a philosopher.