VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELGAUM- 590014

PROJECT PHASE-1
ON
“DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SOLAR OPERATED LAKE CLEANING MACHINE”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of award of degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by:
KIRAN KUMAR A M RAVIKIRAN B S
USN – 1JS17ME414 USN – 1JS17ME434
 
RATHAN KUMAR S M SRI RAMULU
USN – 1JS17ME433 USN – 1JS17ME443

Under the guidance of

Mr. SURESH HOLI
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
 ABSTRACT
 The work has done looking at the current situation of our national rivers which are dump
with huge liters of sewage and loaded with pollutants, toxic materials, debris etc.
 The government of India has taken charge to clean rivers and invest huge capital in many
river cleaning projects like “Namami Gange”. Recently our Karnataka state government is
likely to take initiative in cleaning ‘Vrishabhavathi River’ and many major and medium
project in various cities.
 By taking this into consideration, this solar operate machine has designed to clean river
water surface..
 The main aim of the project is to reduce the man power, time consumption for cleaning the river.
 In this project we have automated the operation of river cleaning with help of a motor and
conveyor belt drive arrangement.
 INTRODUCTION
This invention relates to skimmer boats, this machine is consists of waterwheel
driven conveyer mechanism which collect & remove the wastage, garbage &
plastic wastages from water bodies.
Many work boats and vessels have been proposed for collection of floating solid
waste and other debris.
. A main pickup conveyor extends off the front end, and extends into the water to
catch the floatables, which it picks up and carries back to a main storage conveyor.
When the storage conveyor is completely loaded, the boat is taken to a discharge
position where the debris can be transferred to a truck or barge or other facility.
A rear conveyor at the stern of the craft carries the debris from the storage
conveyor up and back to drop it into the barge or on-shore storage facility. In some
cases, a separate, on-shore conveyor can be used to pick up the trash discharged
vessel.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

 In the absence of garbage disposal facilities, the practice of

dumping garbage into nearby water bodies has become quite
common in recent years and has posed long-term negative impacts
both on biodiversity of the area and as well as on the local
environment.
OBJECTIVES:

 The device not to be restricted to collect only

one type of waste .It should function to collect
wastes which are floating on water as crop
debris, food waste, bottles, plastics and etc..,
 The main intention is to reduce human
intervention as much as possible
 The project must be user friendly and it would
help society in keeping the environment clean
and safety
METHODOLOGY

 Design consists of application of scientific principle, technical information,

and imagination for development of new mechanism to perform specific
function with maximum economy and efficiency..
1. System design
2. Mechanical design
 System Design: System design is mainly concerns the various physical

constraints and ergonomics, space requirements, arrangement of various

components on frame at system, man-machine interaction, no. of controls,
position of controls, working environments, of maintenance, scope of
improvement, weight if machine from ground level, total weight of machine
and a lot more. In system design we mainly concentrated on the following
parameter:- System selection based on constraints Our machine is used in
small-scale so space is major constrain. The system is to be very compact so
that it can be adjusted in small space
 Chances of failure Losses incurred by owner in case of any failure
are important criterion of design. Factor of safety while doing
design should be kept high so that there are less chances of failure.
Moreover periodic maintenance is required to keep unit healthy.
 Servicing facility Layout of components should be such that easy
servicing is possible. Those which require frequent servicing can be
easily disassembled.
 Scope of future improvement Arrangement should be provided in
such way that if any changes have to be done for future scope for
improving efficiency of machine.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

ZIGBEE TRASMITER

A POWER
R SUPPLY
D
ZIGBEE I
MODULE(XB U
EE) N PC OR SWITCHES
O (FOR CONTROL
RX MODULE)
ZIGBEE RECIEVER

POWER
SUPPLY

ZIGBEE
(RECIEVER)

A
R
DC
RELAY D
DC RELAY MOTOR
I
MOTOR
U
N
O
MATERIALS USED
 Pvc pipes and fittings
 Thermocoal
 Ms framework like shaft,ms hollow pipe
 Ball bearings
 Dc motor
 Arduino controller
 Zigbee module
 MICROCONTROLLER ARDUINO
An Arduino Mega microcontroller (ATmega2560), pictured in Figure, will be used to control
the stepper motors, sensors and future electronics. This platform was chosen for its low
cost, general availability, hack ability, expandability through shields, the expansive
learning resources available, the strong DIY community already using the platform, and the
fact that it is open source. In addition, Arduino programs are written in the C language and
therefore very familiar to many. Expansion shields likely to be used includes a RAMPS
 stepper driver.
 The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54
digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4
UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC
to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
 Zigbee
 In this two xBee (series 1) modules with the Arduino uno board. We will configure
them to act as a receiver and transmitter to control the brightness of an LED
wirelessly by using one potentiometer.
 The xBee - series 1 - modules take the 802.15.4 stack (the basis for Zigbee) and
wrap it into a simple to use serial command set. These modules allow a very
reliable and simple communication between micro controllers, computers or
other systems by using just a serial port!
 They can communicate up to 300 Ft (~100m), they have 2.4GHz frequency , use
the 802.15.4 protocol and have data rate up to 250kbps. They have also a 1mW
wire antenna on them. They supports Point to point and multi-point networks.
 following fig shows that Xbee module(zigbee)
RELAY

 In shows are a relay is an electrically operated switch. Several

relays use a magnet to automatically operate a switch,
however alternative in operation principles are used, like solid
state relays. Relays are used wherever it's necessary to
regulate a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or wherever
many circuits should be controlled by one signal. The
essential relays were handling in long distance communicate
circuits as amplifiers, they unbroken the signal coming back in
from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit.
ADVANTAGES
 Safe to use
 Very less human contact with the water
 Easy to dispose off the waste
 Collect more amount of waste in less time
 Should not harm the aquatic animals
 Very efficient
 Cost effective
 Durable
 Collect majority types of waste
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

 Water can be used immediately following treatment. Some aquatic herbicides have restrictions on use of treated
water for drinking, swimming and irrigation. Also, plants are removed during mechanical harvesting and do not
decompose slowly in the water column as they do after herbicide application. In addition, oxygen content of the
water is generally not affected by mechanical harvesting, although turbidity and water quality may be affected
in the short term. Nutrient removal is usually insignificant because only small areas of lakes (1 to 2%) are
typically harvested; however, some nutrients are removed with the harvested vegetation. It has been estimated
that aquatic plants contain less than 30% of the annual nutrient loading that occurs in lakes. The habitat remains
intact because most harvesters do not remove submersed plants all the way to the lake bottom. Like mowing a
lawn, clipped plants remain rooted in the sediment and regrowth begins soon after the harvesting operation.
Mechanical harvesting is site-specific because plants are removed only where the harvester operates. If a
neighbor wants vegetation to remain along his or her lakefront, there is no movement of herbicides out of the
intended treatment area to damage the neighbor’s site. Herbicide concerns remain widespread despite extensive
research and much-improved application and despite use and registration requirements enforced by local
regulatory agencies. Mechanical harvesting, despite some environmental concerns (as outlined below), is
perceived to be environmentally neutral by the public. Utilization of harvested biomass is thought by many to
be a means of offsetting the relatively high costs and energy requirements associated with mechanical
harvesting. Unfortunately, no cost-effective uses of harvested vegetation have been developed, despite much
research .
EXPECTED OUTCOME

 The project “River Waste Cleaning Machine” has designed which is very much economical, easy to operate
and helpful for water cleaning and it can be modified with more cleaning capacity and efficiency. Although
the design criterions with problems definitions which, however were overcome by using references &
teachers guidelines. The choice of raw materials helped us in machining of the various components to very
close tolerance and thereby minimizing the level of balancing problem. It is very useful for society.
 Conclusion About 71 percent of the Earth's surface is water-covered and only about 0.3 percent of our fresh
water is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers, and swamps. In developing countries, 70 percent of
industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters, polluting the usable water supply. On average, 22
million tons of fertilizers and chemicals are used each year. Project was designed with an intention of clean
the water debris floating on the lake, by using our drone we can collect many floating wastes like plastic
bottles, bags, flowers without any human interference and then dispose off the waste easily, one can clean
the lake just by operating it with the help of remote control. Also, our product help in reducing the water
pollutants to a certain extent. The major advantage is the safety provided by our product that is one need
not risk his life while he is cleaning the lake and we just need one person to control the boat. The product is
socially helpful for the laborers who clean the lake and economically viable. If the product is used in large
numbers, it would be a perfect example for „Technological application in environmental protection‟.
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