SOLAR ENERGY BASED WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PRTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Mechanical)

SUBMITTED BY: UNDER GUIDENCE:

LUCKY RANA (2005135) ER. SATWANT SINGH
ABHISHEK PAL (2005120)
BALJEET SINGH (1905468)
RITISH SHARMA (1905579)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA
JUNE 2022
 GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA
CERTIFICATE

We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the minor project report entitled “SOLAR
ENERGY BASED WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM” by “LUCKY RANA, ABHISHEK PAL,
BALJEET
SINGH, RITISH SHARMA” in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech.
(Mechanical) submitted in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at GURU NANAK DEV
ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA under PUNJAB
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KAPURTHALA is an authentic record of our own work carried out during a
period from to under the guidance of Er. SATWANT SINGH The
matter presented in this project report has not been submitted by me/us in any other University
/ Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Signature of the Students

LUCKY RANA
(2005135)
ABHISHEK PAL (2005120)
BALJEET SINGH (1905468)
RITISH SHARMA (1905579)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate/s is correct to the best of my/our knowledge

Signature of the Major Project Guide/s

ER. SATWANT SINGH

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are highly grateful to the Director, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College (GNDEC), Ludhiana,
for providing this opportunity to carry out the present minor project work

The constant guidance and encouragement received from Dr. Jasmaninder Singh Grewal Professor and
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GNDEC Ludhiana has been of great help in carrying out the
present work and is acknowledged with reverential thanks.

The authors would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks profusely to Professor, Er. Satwant
Singh, Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical, GNDEC, who was our major project guides. Without the
wise counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to complete the in this manner.

The author express gratitude to other faculty members of Mechanical Engineering Department, GNDEC and
Head and Staff of Workshops, GNDEC for their intellectual support throughout the course of this work.

Finally, the authors are indebted to all whosoever have contributed in this major project work.

LUCKY RANA (2005135)

ABHISHEK PAL (2005120)
BALJEET SINGH (1905468)
RITISH SHARMA (1905579)

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 CONTENTS

Candidate's Declaration i
Acknowledgement ii

Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Chapter 2 : LITERATURE SURVEY (optional)

Chapter 3 : PRESENT WORK

2.1 Problem Formulation

2.2 Objectives
2.3. Methodology
REFERENCES

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 SOLAR ENERGY BASED WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we are making a water purifier which works on solar energy. The basic

principle behind this project is reverse osmosis. The solar radiations are collected by solar panel.

This energy is then stored in a battery. The battery is connected to the purification unit

through a electromagnetic relay. The purification unit consists of high pressure motor ,

reverse osmosis system and the water tank. The high pressure creates the necessary pressure

required to carry out reverse osmosis. The microcontroller 8051 keepsa watch to the level

of water in the water tank and prevents it from over flow. Through this process we obtain

the purified water in the water tank.

1. INTRODUCTION

The decreasing availability of water has necessitated in the search for fresh sources of

drinking water. The available water in many areas in the country is brackish, saline or impure.

Salinity is a major problem in the coastal areas of Kutch and Gujarat. In our country pure

drinking water is a major problem in tribal/rural area. There are many processes available for

purification of drinking water like Chlorine tablets , Pot chlorination of wells, Slow and rapid

sand filters, Fluoride removal , Reverse osmosis plants, etc .In this project, we are making a

water purifier which works on solar energy.[1-3] The basic principle behind this project is

reverse osmosis. We are using solar energy which is a renewable source, abundant and cheap. In

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case of power failures, this purifier will continue to work as solar energy can be stored. Here, we

use microcontroller 8051 which prevents the water from over flowing. This purifier can be used

in remote and rural areas where there is no electricity. It can also be used in places affected by

natural disasters. It also reduces the salt content in sea water. It provides pollution free operation.

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
IMPURE WATER TANK

RELAY

PURIFICATION UNIT

SOLAR PANEL INTERFACE UNIT

HIGH R.O PURE
MICROCONTROLLER
WATER
PRESSU SYSTEM TANK
8051
RE
CHARGE
CONTROLLER
BATTERY VOLTAGE CONTROL SWITCH

REGULATOR

Figure 1. Block Diagram of Solar Energy Based Water Purification System

The solar radiations are collected by solar panel. This energy is then stored in a battery

through a charge controller.[2-8]The charge controller prevents the battery from getting

overcharged. The battery is connected to the purification unit through an electromagnetic

relay.The battery is also connected to a voltage regulator.The voltage regulator converts 24V to

+5V,which is required by the microcontroller. The purification unit consists of high pressure motor

, reverse osmosis system and the water tank. The high pressure creates the necessary

pressure required to carry out reverse osmosis. The microcontroller 8051 keeps

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a watch to the level of water in the water tank and prevents it from over flow. Through this

process we obtain the purified water in the water tank.[3-10]

2.1 SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy can be a major source of power.Its potential is 178 billion MW which is about
20,000 times the world’s demand. But it cannot be developed on large scale. Sun’s energy can be
utilised as thermal and photovoltaic’s.The solar power where sun hits atmosphere is 1017 watts,
whereas the solar power on earth’s surface is 10 16 watts. The total world – wide power demand
of all needs of civilization is 1013 watts. Therefore, the sun gives us 1000 times more power than
we need .The energy radiated by the sun on a bright sunny day is approximately 1kw/m 2, which
may be used in driving the prime movers for the purpose of generation of electrical energy.Some
applications of solar energy are solar water heater, solar cookers, Solar furnaces,Solar
ponds,Solar energy collectors,Solar energy storage etc.[9-11]

2.2 SOLAR PANEL

In this paper, solar energy is being collected by using a solar panel. The collected solar energy is
being stored in the battery. In case of rural and remote areas and the areas affected but natural
disasters where electricity is a big problem, [12-14]this stored energy can be used for the
purification of water. The charge controller used here controls the required amount of solar
energy to be stored in the battery.

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PROJECT REPORT

Figure 2 Solar Panel

2.3 REVERSE OSMOSIS

When two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semi-permeable

membrane, solvent (water) flows from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.
This process is called osmosis. [25-23]This driving force in this called osmotic pressure.If a
hydrostatic pressure in excess of osmotic pressure is applied on the higher concentration side,
thesolvent flow is reversed i.e., solvent flows from higher concentration to lower concentration.
This process is called reverse osmosis. Thus, in the process of reverse osmosis pure water is
separated from salt water.

Figure 3 RO process

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Figure 4 RO components

3 HARDWAREDESCRIPTIONS

3.1 Power supply circuit

Figure 5 Circuit diagram of power supply circuit

In this paper we are using 24V, 40W solar panel and a 24V, 7.5A battery. The battery is
being charged by the solar panel through a charge control relay. The maximum charge holding
capacity of the battery is27.6V.A charge controller has been connected across the battery to
prevent it from getting overcharged i.e., above 27.6V.A diode has been used in this circuit to
maintain the current in one direction. [17-19]The voltage regulator circuit has been used which
converts 24V to +5V,as the microcontroller accepts a constant +5V.The regulated DC supply is
used for the microcontroller and the unregulated DC supply is used for the motor and relay.

3.2Control Circuit

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Figure 6 Circuit diagram for control circuit

The control circuit mainly consists of the microcontroller P89V51RD2BN and an LCD
display.The microcontroller accepts three inputs at the following situations :-

i)When the battery is overcharged

ii)When the water tank overflows

iii)When the water tank is empty

The microcontroller gives three output signals to the relay control circuit.A 16*2 LCD display
has been used here.[14-18]The ON/OFF switch is manually operated.Whenever the tank is
empty,the ON switch is operated and whenever it is filled, the OFF switch is operated.The
RESET switch is automatically operated.[40-45]

3.4 HARDWARE KIT

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Figure 7 Hardware kit of water purifier system

CONCLUSION
As solar energy is being used for the purification of water, which is cheap and abundant, it can
be used everywhere where electricity is not available. Here, the microcontroller which isused
also prevents the water from overflowing. Moreover, reverse osmosis is a good
disinfectantprocess
.This project has only capital cost and almost no running cost. Hence, It will prove to be useful
in the near future.
Material used:
1.Carbon filters
2.Sediment filter
3. Membrane
4. Batteries 12 V each
5. 7824 Regulator
6. Wires
7. Spun filter
8. Solar Panels 17V 20W each
9. Diode In6
10. SV- Solenoid valve

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REFERENCES

1. Nimal, R.J.G.R., Hussain, J.H., Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on EN24 steel,
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, V-116, I-17 Special Issue, PP-
113- 116, 2017
2. Parameswari, D., Khanaa, V., Deploying lamport clocks and linked lists, International
Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, V-8, I-3, PP-17039-17044, 2016
3. Parameswari, D., Khanaa, V., Case for massive multiplayer online role-playing games,
International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, V-8, I-3, PP-17404-17409, 2016
4. Parameswari, D., Khanaa, V., Deconstructing model checking with hueddot, International
Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, V-8, I-3, PP-17370-17375, 2016
5. Parameswari, D., Khanaa, V., The effect of self-learning epistemologies on theory,
International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, V-8, I-3, PP-17314-17320, 2016

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6. Pavithra, J., Peter, M., GowthamAashirwad, K., A study on business process in IT and
systems through extranet, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, V-116,
I-19 Special Issue, PP-571-576, 2017
7. Pavithra, J., Ramamoorthy, R., Satyapira Das, S., A report on evaluating the effectiveness
of working capital management in googolsoft technologies, Chennai, International Journal
of Pure and Applied Mathematics, V-116, I-14 Special Issue, PP-129-132, 2017
8. Pavithra, J., Thooyamani, K.P., A cram on consumer behaviour on Mahindra two
wheelers in Chennai, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, V-116, I-
18Special Issue, PP-55-57, 2017
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Issue, PP-179- 184, 2017
10. Pavithra, J., Thooyamani, K.P., Dkhar, K., A study on the working capital management
of TVS credit services limited, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,
V- 116, I-14 Special Issue, PP-185-187, 2017
11. Pavithra, J., Thooyamani, K.P., Dkhar, K., A study on the analysis of financial
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Issue, PP-71-74, 2017
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premheerasurgicals, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, V-116, I-14
Special Issue, PP-415-420, 2017.

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