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Lec-6
Md. Zahidul Islam Zahid
Lecturer
NSU
Glycosides
Organic natural compounds present in a lot of
plants and some animals, these compounds
upon hydrolysis give one or more sugars
(glycone) β_form and non sugar (aglycone)
Glycosides are the compounds formed by the
ether linkage or an oxygen bridge between a
sugar and a non-sugar compounds.
• Glycoside is composed of two parts:-
a. Sugar part known as glycine.
The most frequently occurring sugar is β-D-glucose,
although rhamnose, digitoxose, cymarose and other
sugars are the components of glycosides.
b. Non-sugar part known as aglycone.
It is the active part of glycoside.
Sugar helps in the solubilization of non-sugar, for
increasing the bioavailability of the drug.
Glycosides…
Glycosides…
• Solubility:
glycosides are water soluble compounds and
insoluble in the organic solvents.
Glycone part: water soluble, insoluble in the
organic solvents.
Aglycone part: water insoluble, soluble in the
organic solvents.
Some glycosides soluble in alcohol.
Physico-chemical properties of
glycosides
iii. Saponin
D. On the basis of the chemical nature of aglycone the
glycosides can be classified into the following groups…
vii. Alcohol
viii. Aldehyde
ix. Lactone
x. Phenol
xi. Tanin
Biosynthesis of Glycosides
Standardization is determined by
comparison of the effect of a known dilution
of the drug with that of a similar dilution of
the USP Digitalis Reference Standard.
Uses
– Local irritant
– Emetic
– Externally rubefacient and vesicant
– Commercially as condiment
Glycyrrhiza/Licorice