Section 2.

3
Design for Construction Projects

REPORTER: MARY AMIEL A.ARANQUEZ

Design Services for Construction Projects
Civil Engineering services are required for each of six (6) typical phases
of a construction project. All services are preferably furnished by the same
Civil Engineer for consistency and efficiency, although at times services in
various phases are furnished by different engineers or client. The services
are supplemented by special services which may be provided by the client,
a specialized engineer or another Civil Engineer.
 The six (6) standard phases of a construction project and
the
engineering services needed for each are;

2.3.1 Study and Report Phase

2.3.2 Preliminary Design Phase
2.3.3 Final Design Phase
2.3.4 Bidding or Negotiating Phase
2.3.5 Construction Phase
2.3.6 Operation Phase
  Analysis of the clients needs, conceptual design, conceptual opinion of probable
2.3.1 Study and Report Phase
construction
cost.
 Involves determination of project scope and economic and technical evaluation of feasible
alternatives. The services performed during this phase may include;

1. Reviewing available data and consulting with the client to clarify and define the clients
requirements for the project.
2. Advising the client as to the necessity of providing or obtaining from others additional data
or services and assisting the client in obtaining such data and services which includes;
• Photogrammetry
• Reconnaissance Surveys
• Property Surveys
• Topographic Surveys
• Geotechnical investigations and consultations
• Seismicity studies
3. Identifying and analyzing requirements of governmental authorities having
jurisdiction to
approve the design of the project and participating in consultations with such
authorities.

4. Providing analysis of the clients needs, planning surveys, comparative

evaluations of prospective sites and solutions.

5. Providing a general economic analysis of the clients requirements applicable to

various alternatives.

6. Preparing a report and presenting alternative solutions available to the client

with the Civil Engineers findings and recommendations.
2.3.2 Preliminary Design Phase
 Preparation of final design criteria, preliminary drawings, outline specifications,
and preliminary
opinions of probable construction cost.
 Involves the establishments of the general size and scope of the project and it's
location on the
selected site. The preliminary design services may include;

1. Consulting with the client , reviewing preliminary reports, clarifying and defining
the project requirements, reviewing available data and discussing general
scheduling.
2. Advising the client as to whether additional data or services of the type describe
under the study and report phase above are required.
3. Preparing preliminary design documents consisting of final design criteria,
preliminary drawings, outline specifications and written description of the project.
4. Preparing revise estimates of probable total project cost.
5. Providing periodic status reports.
2.3.3 Final Design Phase

 Preparation of design calculations, construction drawings, specifications,

estimated
construction cost and other contract documents.

 Involves project development and is usually undertaken after the client has
approve the preliminary design phase material.
The basic services for the final design phase may include;

1. Preparing construction drawings and specifications showing the character and

extent of the project.
2. Preparing and furnishing to the client a revise estimate of probable total project
cost base on final drawing and specifications..
3. Furnishing the necessary engineering data and assisting in the application for
regulatory permits from local, or national authorities.
4. Preparing basic documents related to construction contracts for review and
approval by the client (and the client legal and other advisors).
5. Furnishing to the client specified number of copies of drawings, specifications and
other contract documents.
6. Providing final design and construction services for deign-build contracts
2.3.4 Bidding or Negotiating Phase
 Assistance to the client with the bidding or negotiating process for construction of
the project.

Services under this phase may include;

1. Assisting the client in advertising for and obtaining bids or negotiating proposals for
each separate prime construction contract, maintaining a record of prospective
bidders to whom bidding documents have been issued, attending pre-bid
conferences, and receiving and processing deposits for bidding documents.
2. Issuing agenda as appropriate to interpret, clarify, expand or amend the bidding
documents.
3. Assisting the client in determining the qualifications and acceptability of
prospective contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers.
4. Consulting with and advising the client to the acceptability of the alternative
materials and equipment proposed by the prospective contactors.
5. Attending the bid opening, preparing bid tabulation sheets and providing
assistance to the client in evaluating bids or proposals.
2.3.5 Construction Phase
 Advice and consultation on matters related to this services.
 Involves consulting with and advising the client during construction and are
usually those
associated with services as the clients representative.
Construction Phase services may include;
1. Reviewing, for compliance with design concepts, shop and erection drawings
submitted by the contractor.
2. Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill test reports on materials and equipment.
3. Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals as construction proceeds to
observe and report on the progress and the quality of the executed work.
4. Issuing instructions from the client to the contractors. Issuing necessary
interpretations and clarifications of contract documents, preparing change
orders and requiring special inspections.
5. Providing services during construction by a full-time resident project
representative.
6. Making recommendations to the client on corrective actions on contractual
measures.
8. Determining amounts of progress payments due, base on degree of completion of
the work.
9. Observing and assisting performance tests and initial operation and project.
10. Preparing records and drawings from information submitted by the contractor.
11. Making final inspection and reporting on completion of the project, including
recommendations concerning final payments to contractors and release retained
percentage.
2.3.6 Operation Phase
 Assistance to the client in start-up and operation of the project, including periodic
inspections.
 At the completion of the construction, the Civil Engineer may ask the basic service,
assist in the
start-up of the project operations. The Civil Engineer may be commissioned to
prepare a manual
for both operation and maintenance requirements, and may also provide assistance
in adjusting
and balancing equipment. Identifying deficiencies and assisting in obtaining
corrections, and
forming inspections prior to the end of the project warranty period.