Electrical Safety

Efek Fisiologis
1. Threshold of Perception
Keadaan suatu jaringan tubuh/kulit mulai dapat
merasakan adanya arus listrik dalam batas minimal.
(Arus AC 0,5 mA;60 hz dan Arus DC s/d 10 mA).
2. Let-Go-Current
Jaringan tubuh/otot mulai terasa sakit/nyeri karena
semakin tingginya arus listrik yang mengalir (± 6
mA).
 Efek Fisiologis
3. Respiratory Paralysis
Efek lemas dan mencekik yang disebabkan karena
arus listrik yang mengalir semakin tinggi dan
dalam waktu yang lama.
4. Ventricular Fibrillations
Arus listrik berkisar 70 mA s/d 400 mA dapat
menyebabkan Ventricular ber-fibrilasi.
 Efek Fisiologis
5. Myocardial Contraction
Otot jantung berkontraksi dan berhenti berdenyut
sesaat selama arus listrik mengalir cukup tinggi ke
jantung.
6. Luka bakar
Tegangan listrik diatas 240 volt menyebabkan kulit
yang bersentuhan mengalami luka bakar.
 I.E.C. Standard
I.E.C – International of Electrotechnical
Commission
I.E.C : Electrical Safety
 Medical electrical equipment
 X-ray instruments

 HF surgical equipment

 Therapy equipment

 Medical electrical systems (can include non-medical

equipment)
 Electrical Safety
Standards
IEC 60601-1
(General Standard of Electrical Safety)

Tujuan Safety Test a.l :

Untuk memastikan peralatan aman digunakan oleh pasien
dan operator.
 L
CLASS 0 (*) MAIN
N S

Basic
insulation
L
MAIN
CLASS 1 N S

Protective Earth
Conductor

Basic
insulation (*) not used in medical
applications
CLASS 2 L
MAINS
N

Extra insulation

SAFETY TRANSFORMER
Basic
insulation

CLASS 3 (*)

(*) Class 3 was deleted

from IEC 601-1 edition
1988, so no longer to be
Basic used for electro-medical
insulation equipment.
Symbol Descriptio Symbol Descriptio
s n s n
Type B
Type Defib
B protection
Type BF
Type
Defib
BF
protection

Type CF
Type
Defib
CF
protection
B= Applied part providing an adequate degree of protection against electric shock
particularly regarding allowable leakage currents (not for direct cardiac application)
BF = F-type Applied Part with higher degree of protection than type B achieved by
isolation (floating circuit) (not for direct cardiac application)
CF = F-type Applied Part providing the highest degree of protection against electric
shock achieved by increased isolation (floating circuit) (direct cardiac application)
Electrical Safety Test
Tes keamanan listrik antara lain :
Line voltage input
Protective Earth Resistance
Insulation Resistance
Earth Leakage Current
Enclosure Leakage Current
Patient Leakage Current
 Safety Test
Protective Earth
Instrument under test

L
(N)

N (L)
Ri
Applied
P (*)
part
Ohm E

6 Insulating pad
V
50 Hz 25 A (*) If equipotential connection present : measure
or 1.5 Ir also
with yellow/green E.P. conductor connected.
Applicable to Class 1 equipment, type B, BF & CF Applied Parts. Measures impedance of Protective Earth terminal to all
exposed metal parts of MEE which are connected to the Protective Earth . Includes normally the wiring in the mains cable
(max. 0.2 Ohm). (Without mains cable max. 0.1 Ohm). Test current 25 Amps or 1.5 x Rated Current (Ir) : greatest value
applied for 5 seconds to 10 seconds.
 Safety Test
Earth Leakage Current (Normal
Condition)

Instrument under test

L
(N)
S5

S1 Applied
N (L)
P part
M
E
D

Insulating pad
S12

Applicable to Class 1, type B, BF & CF. Measures earth leakage current of MEE
connected to the mains power supply; normal and reversed polarity using switch S5.
For type BF & CF equipment measures with AP/GND switch S12 open and closed.
Max. leakage current 500 A (Range : DC & AC up to 1kHz)
Safety Test
Enclosure Leakage Current (Touch
Current)

Instrument under test

L
(N)

S5
S1
N (L) Applied
S7 (*) P part
E

M
Insulating pad
D
S12

Applicable to Class 1 & 2, type B, BF & CF. Measures leakage current of exposed
metal parts of MEE; normal and reversed polarity using S5. For type BF & CF
equipment measures with AP/GND switch S12 open and closed. Max. leakage current
= 100 A (Range : DC & AC up to 1kHz).
 Safety Test
Patient Leakage Current (Normal Condition)

Instrument under test

L
(N)

S5
S1

N (L) Applied
S7 (*) P part
E

Insulating pad

M (*) Not present in

Class 2
D
Applicable to Class 1 & 2, type B, BF & CF. Measures patient leakage current to earth
from all Applied Parts in parallel; normal and reversed polarity using S5. Max.
leakage current type B & BF = 100 A (Range : DC & AC up to 1kHz) CF = 10 A
(Range : DC & AC up to 1kHz).
 Safety Test
Insulation Resistance Main Part to
Case

Instrument under test

L
R (N)

500 MOh
V m N (L)
DC
Applied
P part
E

Insulating pad

Applicable to Class 1 equipment, type B, BF & CF Applied Parts Measures insulation resistance of power
leads (live + neutral wires together) to Protective Earth terminal of Instrument Under Test (IUT) (min. 2
MOhm).
Metode Pengamanan

Pembumian Alat
Pengurangan Arus Bocor
Isolasi Ganda (Double Insulated)
Penggunaan Tegangan Extra-Low/Battery
Terima Kasih