FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

(EAT 456)

CHAPTER 1
MAT
FOUNDATIONS

LECTURER:
M A D A MN O R FA I Z A H B
T BAWADI H/P NO: 0
125943574
ROOM: MUHIBBAH
 LECTURE OUTLINES

1.Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations

2. Example 1.1 & 1.2

3.Compensated Foundations

4. Example 1.3, 1.4 & 1.5

 BEARING CAPACITY OF MAT
FOUNDATIONS
1) Gross ultimate bearing capacity can be determined by the
same equation used for shallow foundations.
a) Case 1: normal condition,
1
qu  c Nc Fcs Fcd Fci  qNq Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN Fs Fd
,

F 2 i

b) Case 2: saturated clay (φ = 0) and vertical loading,

𝑞  𝑢=𝑐𝑢 𝑁 𝑐 𝐹 𝑐𝑠 𝐹 𝑐𝑑 +𝑞 or
  0.195 𝐵 𝐷𝑓
𝑞 𝑢=5.14 𝑐𝑢 1+ ( 𝐿 )( 1+0.4
𝐵 )+𝑞

2) Net ultimate capacity of a mat foundation,

 qu  q
q net (u)
 BEARING CAPACITY OF MAT
FOUNDATIONS

3) Net allowable bearing capacity:

a) Case 1 : calculate from FOS,

q net(all)  q n e t ( u )
FO S

b) Case 2 : construct over granular soils - calculate from SPT-N,

  𝑁 60 𝐵+0.3 2 𝑆𝑒
𝑞 𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑎𝑙𝑙) =
0.08 𝐵 ( 𝐹𝐷) ( )
25
  Where
 4) Net pressure applied on the soil
caused by mat foundations
 Example 1.1

Determine the net ultimate bearing capacity of a mat

foundation measuring 15 m x 10 m on a saturated clay
with cu = 95 kN/m2, φ = 0 and Df = 2 m.
 Example 1.2

What will be the net allowable bearing capacity of a

mat foundation with dimensions of 15 m x 10 m
constructed over a sand deposit? Here, Df = 2 m, the
allowable settlement is 25 mm, and the corrected
average penetration number N60 = 10.
 COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS

1. The net pressure (q) increase in the soil under a mat foundation can be
reduced by increasing the depth (Df) of the mat.

2. This approach is generally referred to the compensated foundation

design and is extremely useful when structures are to be built on very
soft clays.

3. In this design, a deeper basement is made below the higher portion of

the superstructure, so that the net pressure increase in soil at any
depth is relatively uniform.

4. For no increase in the net pressure on soil below a mat foundation, net
pressure should be equal to zero.
a) Df = Q/Aγ  Fully compensated foundation.
b) Df < Q/Aγ  Partially compensated foundation.
A compensated foundation consists of replacing a volume of the ground
below the foundations with an equivalent volume of expanded clay
(which has a much lower density) thereby reducing the weight and
partly or wholly compensating for the loads imposed by the new
building.

Advantages:

i. Consolidation settlement is controlled or eliminated

ii. Simple construction with minimal impact and disturbance to
neighbouring buildings
iii. Rapidity of construction
iv. Can be integrated with other works in more complex situations
(piling, etc.)
v. Provides thermal insulation, drainage, and protection from rising
damp
COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS
 COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS

5. FOS against bearing capacity failure for:

a) Partially compensated foundations (Df < Q/Aγ);

q net(u )
FOS 
q
b) Saturated clay(φ = 0); D 
0.195B 1  0.4
5.14c u 1  L f
B 
FOS  
Q
A  D
f

6. Consolidation settlement (Sc);

Cc H  '0 
Sc lo ' avg

c
1 0 g 0
e '
 SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATION

Settlement of foundation under load can be classified as:

1) Elastic Settlement (Si) : Elastic or immediate settlement takes place

during or immediately after the construction takes place during or
immediately after the construction of the structure. It is also known as
the distortions within foundation soil.

2) Consolidation Settlement (Sc) : Consolidation settlement occurs due to

gradual expulsion of water from the voids at the soil. It is determined
using Terzaghi’s theory of consolidation.

3) Secondary Consolidation Settlement (Ss) : The settlement occurs after

completion of the primary consolidation. The secondary consolidation
is non-significant for inorganic soils.
Example 1.3

The mat has dimensions of 30m x 30m.

The live load and dead load on the mat
are 200 MN. The mat is placed over a
layer of soft clay. The unit weight dand
undrained cohesion of the clay is 18.75
kN/m3 and 140 kN/m2. Find Df for a fully
compensated foundation.
Example 1.4

The mat has dimensions of 30 m x 25 m.

The live load and dead load on the mat are
180 MN. The mat is placed over a layer of
soft clay. The unit weight of the clay is 18
kN/m3. Given cu for the clay is 130 kN/m2.
Determine the required factor of safety
against bearing capacity failure if the depth
of foundation is 1.5m.
 Example 1.5

Consider a mat foundation 30m x 40m in plan, as shown in Figure. The total
dead load and live load on the raft is 200MN. Estimate the consolidation
settlement at the centre of the foundation.
 -END-
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