Dietary habits of young

lithiasic patients North-

Eastern Moldova, Romania
– focusing on liquids intake
• Introduction: Urolithiasis is a wide spread disease with an
increasing prevalence worldwide. According to Knoll et al. in
men the prevalence increased from 6.3% in 1997 to 10.6% ten
years later in women in 1997 the prevalence was 4.1% and in
2007 it was 7.1%. The lifetime prevalence of kidney stones is
around 10 % and incidence rates are increasing. More than that
according to Tasian et al. in patients age between 15 and 19
years the prevalence had raise to 23-28% in 2012. The etiology
of nephrolithiasis very complex. Diet plays an important role
in kidney stone development. Our objective was to investigate
the association between diet and kidney stone risk in young
patients in our geographical area. Material and methods: We
have prospectively evalauted through a 23 items food-
questionnaire young people age between 18 and 40 years old
with lithiasis and with no history of lithiasis. Demographical
and metabolis syndrome related data were collected.
Parametru Fara litiaza Cu litiaza p

Total pacienti 371 163  

Femei 219 90 p=0.41

 
Barbati 152 73

Antecedente 42 (11.32%) 49 (30.06 %) p < 0.05

Recidiva   57 (34.96%)  

Litiaza multipla   61 (37.42%)  

Lichide <1000 ml/zi 50 (13.47%) 31 (19.01%) p-value is .10

1000-1500 ml/zi 127 (34.23%) 60 (36.80%) p-value is .565

1500- 2000 ml/zi 125 (33.69%) 51 (31.28%) p-value is .58

>2000 ml/zi 69 (18.59%) 21 (12.88%) p-value is .104

Sursa apa Robinet 98 48 P=0.559746

Fantana 65 33

Plata imbuteliata 184 75

Mineral carbogazoasa 24 7

Ceai/cafea > o cana/zi 96 49 P=0.655433

o cana/zi 162 70

o cana la 2 zile 30 9

o cana/sapt 18 10

ocazional/niciodata 65 25

Carbogazoase > un pahar /zi 44 27 P=0.055494

un pahar/zi 50 22

un pahar la 2 zile 43 8

un pahar/sapt 44 27

ocazional/niciodata 190 79

Lapte > un pahar /zi 37 24 P=0.157686

un pahar/zi 85 24

un pahar la 2 zile 61 31

un pahar/sapt 68 28

ocazional/niciodata 120 56

Tip lapte integral 133 53 P=0.618931

3.5% grasime 114 57

1.5% grasime 107 43

0% grasime 17 10

iaurt > un pahar /zi 38 23 P=0.009431

un pahar/zi 57 35

  un pahar la 2 zile 62 29  

un pahar/sapt 100 38

ocazional/niciodata 114 38
• Discussion: The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a
investigation tool of self-reported dietary intake which relies on
the principles of the diet history method. There are many FFQs
because is difficult to standardise them. According to Naska et al.
a short FFQ may underestimate the true variation in dietary
intake, but a very long and detailed one can be time and resource
consuming and the burden on the responder may jeopardize data
quality. The researchers need to make the FFQ easy to use but to
cover foods of their particular interest adequately. Thus many
large cohort and well-designed studies on diet–disease
associations have often provided inconsistent findings. Kipnis et
al. have identified two potential sources of errors of the dietary
measurement. According to the authors, the first one reflects the
correlation between error and true intake (“intake-related” bias),
while the second is independent of true intake and represents
errors related to the participant’s personal characteristics (“person-
specific” bias).
• Liquids intake is maybe the most frequent prophylaxis method
used, the European Association of Urology Guidelines
recommends a daily consumption of 2.5-3 liters of liquids. In our
study less than 13% of young patients are drinking more than 2
liter/day. It seems that the water source is not very important.
Many authors raised the question if water hardness can influence
lithogenesis. According to Schwartz and Shuster, although the hard
water can raise urinary calcium and magnesium concentration it
has no influence on oxaluria, uricozuria or urinary pH.
• Although coffee can lower renal stone incidence by 10-25%, tea by
11-14%, according to Ferraro and Curhan, we did not found
difference between lithiasic and non-lithiasic patients in our cohort.
• Soft drinks , beside cola, can increase kidney stone incidence by
33%, as for the cola-like beverages, according to Ferraro the risk
of lithiasis is 23% higher. More than that, Shuster et al noticed in a
>1000 patients cohort that daily intake of 160 ml of soft drinks
raise the stone relapse chances by 15%
• The most frequent metabolic finding in lithiasic patients is
hypercalciuria. This is not influenced by calcium intake, but of
sodium and protein. According to Taylor, the DASH calcium
rich diet lowers the kidney stone risk. More, Borghi et al .
Showed that calcium restriction raises the lithiasis incidence.
In our study there were no differences in terms of milk intake.
Paradoxically lithiasic patients declared a higher yogurt
consumption ( 35.58 vs. 23.98; p= 0.009431)

• Conclusions: le tragi tu