HEAT QUANTITIES

THERMAL ENERGY
• It is the random kinetic energy of the particles
( electrons, ions, atoms, and molecules)
composing a system.
 HEAT
• It is a thermal energy in transit from a system
at one temperature to a system that is in
contact with it, but is at a lower temperature.
• SI Unit is JOULE
• 1 cal= 4.184 J
• 1 BTU = 1054 J
 SPECIFIC HEAT
• It is the quantity of heat required to change
the temperature of unit mass of the substance
by one degree.

• c= J/ kg-K = J/kg-deg. C
• 1 cal/ g-deg. C = 4180 J/kg-deg C = specific
heat of water
 HEAT GAINED/LOST
• A body undergoes a temperature change but
does not change its phase.
 HEAT OF FUSION
• It is the quantity of heat required to melt a
unit mass of the solid at a constant
temperature.
• It is also equal to the quantity of heat given off
by a unit mass of the molten solid as it
crystallizes at this same temperature.
• The heat of fusion of water at 0 deg. C is about
335 kJ/kg or 80 cal/g.
 HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
• It is the quantity of heat required to vaporize a
unit mass of the liquid at constant
temperature.
• For water at 100 deg. C, the heat of
vaporization is about 2.26 MJ/kg or 540 cal/g.
 HEAT OF SUBLIMATION
• It is the quantity of heat required to convert a
unit mass of the substance from the solid to
the gaseous state at constant temperature.
 CALORIMETRY PROBLEMS
• It involve the sharing of thermal energy
among initially hot objects and cold objects.
• Sum of heat changes for all objects = 0
• The heat flowing out of the high temperature
system numerically equals the heat flowing
into the low temperature system.
 ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY
• It is the mass of water vapor present per unit
volume of gas.
• Units are kg/m3 and g/cm3
 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
• It is the ratio obtained by dividing the mass of
water vapor per unit volume present in the air
by the mass of water vapor per unit volume
present in saturated air at the same
temperature.
 DEW POINT
• Cooler air at saturation contains less water
than warmer air does at saturation. When air
is cooled, it eventually reaches a temperature
at which it is saturated.
• This temperature is called the DEW POINT.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. How much heat is 2. How much heat does 25
required to raise the g of aluminum give off as
temperature of 250 mL of it cools from 100 deg. C to
water from 20 deg. C to 35 20 deg. C? For aluminum,
deg. C? c= 880 J/kg-deg. C.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. A thermos bottle 4. How much heat is given
contains 250 g of coffee at up when 20 g of steam at
90 deg. C. To this is added 100 deg. C is condensed
20 g of milk at 5 deg. C. and cooled to 20 deg. C?
After equilibrium is
established, what is the
temperature of the liquid?
Assume no heat loss.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
5. An electric heater that 6. On a certain day when
produces 900 W of power the temperature is 28
is used to vaporize water. deg.C, moisture forms on
How much water at 100 the outside of a glass of
deg. C can be changed to cold drink if the glass is at
steam in 3 min by the temperature of 16 deg.C
heater? or lower. What is the R.H.
on that day?
NEXT TOPIC…
TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY